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Introduction to Microbiology
Chapter 1
I. Objectives
 Why
microbiology?
 What
is a microbe?
 How
did we learn all this?
II. Why microbiology
 A.
Microbes rule!
– They are everywhere and shape our visible
world
– They have widest range of diversity
– They have adapted to survive in extremely
wide range of environments
B. Why is microbiology important?
III. What are microbes?
 A.
Domains
And. . .
 Viruses
B. Structure of Microbes
 1.
Prokaryotic
2. Eukaryotes
 “eu”

“karyos”
C. Identification: structure vs
genetics
 Bacterial
shape
 Biochemistry
 RNA/DNA
D. Classification
 Linnaeus
– examples
» Escherichia coli
» Bacillus megaterium
» Streptococcus faecalis
IV. Origins:
 Earth
formed
 fossil prokaryotes
 earliest fossil eukaryotes
 animals
 all present day life
V. Distribution:
 Most
 Soil
abundant organisms
content
 Human
content
 Absent?
Why are microbes so successful?
VI. Historical perspective
 Three
 Each
major epochs
marked by advances in methodology
A. Epoch 1:1660-1850
 1.
Discovery
– Hooke
–
– Anton van Leeuwenhoek
2. How does life originate?
 Redi
 Needham
 Spallanzani
B. Epoch 2: 1850-1930
 1.
Ending the spontaneous generation
controversy
– Pasteur
2. Microbes as infectious disease
agents
 Lister
 Koch
and his postulates
 Jenner
3. Golden Age of Microbiology:
late 1800s
 Disease
agents
 Transformation
matter
of organic and inorganic
C. Epoch 3: 1930s-present
 Antimicrobial
 Branching
agents
out of fields
And into the new millenium!
 Disease
 Research
 Industry
 Biotechnology