Download Chapter 5: Viruses, Bacteria and Your Health

Chapter 5: Viruses,
Bacteria and Your
Health
Key Vocabulary
Bacteria
Single celled
organism,
prokaryote that
contains its
genetic material
in the cytoplasm
Binary Fission
•
• A form of
asexual
reproduction in
which one cell
divides to form
two identical
cells
A form of asexual reproduction in which one cell divides to form two identical cells
Conjugation
• Process in which a
unicellular organism
transfers some of its
genetic to another
unicellular organism
through a thin
threadlike bridge
DECOMPOSER
• Organism that
breaks down
chemicals from
dead organisms
and returns
important
materials to the
soil and water
Pasteurization
• A process of heating
food to a high enough
temperature to kill most
of the bacteria without
changing the taste of
the food
•
Infectious disease
• An illness that
can pass from
one organism to
another
Toxin
• A poisonous substance
that can harm an
organism
Antibiotic
• A substance or
chemical that
can kill bacteria
without harming
a person’s cells
Antibiotic Resistance
• The ability of
bacteria to
withstand the
effects of an
antibiotic
Vaccine
• A substance
introduced into the
body to stimulate
the production of
chemicals that
destroy specific
disease-causing
viruses and
microorganisms
Respiration
• Process of
breaking
down food to
release
energy
Asexual Reproduction
• Reproductive
process that
involves only one
parent and
produces
offspring that are
identical to the
parent
Sexual Reproduction
• Reproductive
process that
involves two
parents that
combine their
genetic material to
produce a
genetically unique
offspring
Host
• An organism that
provides a source of
energy or a stable
environment for a
virus or other
organism to live
Parasite
• An organism
that lives on or
in a host and
causes harm to
the host
Pathogen
• A disease-causing agent
• For example: a virus,
bacteria, or protists
Bacteriophage
• A virus that
infects
bacteria
•
Virus
• A tiny, non-living
particle that
invades and
then reproduces
inside a living
cell
Bacteriophage
• A virus that infects
bacteria
Cytoplasm
• Gel-like
substance found
inside a cell that
contains the
cell’s organelles
Ribosome
• Site of protein
synthesis
• organelle that
makes proteins
• small, nonmembrane covered
organelle found in
both prokaryotes
and eukaryotes
Flagellum
• A long, whip-like
structure that
enables a
bacterial cell to
move
Endospore
• A small, rounded,
thick-walled,
resting cell that
forms inside a
bacterial cell