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Midwest Professional Nutrient
Applicators Association Annual
Meeting
June 23rd, 2009.
Lima, Ohio
Biosecurity:
Your Role in the Prevention of
Disease Spread
Bill Minton DVM.
Chickasaw, Oh.
Why?
• Protect your Customer
– Reduce disease risk
– New vs. re-infection
• Protect you Business
– Risk of outbreak / disease
– Professional
– “Word of Mouth” advertising
Pathogens:
• Disease causing organisms
• Viruses
– PRRS, SIV, BVD, TGE, PCV2
• Bacteria
– Salmonella, E.Coli, APP, Erysipelas,
M. Paratuberculosis
• Species
– Porcine, Bovine, Avian
Virus:
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Infectious agents
Obligate intracellular
Smaller than bacteria
DNA or RNA classification
View with electron microscope
Bacteria:
• Ubiquitous – inhabit every environment
capable of supporting life
• Classify:
– organic, inorganic, & photosensitive
• Replicate with an energy source
• Resistance:
– cell wall, spore forming
• Not susceptible to all chemicals
PRRSv:
• Porcine Reproductive & Respiratory
Syndrome (PRRSv.)
• Host specific to pigs
• Benchmark pathogen of swine industry
– Cost to industry > $550 million annually
• Most important swine disease today
– Difficult to control
PRRSv. Survivability:
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As temperatures ; survivability 
Months to years when frozen (-4F)
6 days @ 70F
24 hrs. @ 98.6F
20 mins. @ 133F
11 days when kept moist
PRRSv. Survivability:
• Susceptible to:
– High temperatures
– Changes in pH <6 & >7.8
– Exposure to UV light
– Chemical inactivation
Swine Influenza Virus:
• Influenza type A virus (SIV or Flu)
• Contains two distinct surface proteins for
identifying strains
– H (hemmaglutin) & N (nueroaminidase)
• Interspecies (zoonotic) spread between pigs,
birds, & humans
• Generally inactivated by soap, heat, bleach,
& other disinfectants
Direct Spread:
• Animal – Animal
• Known Health Status
Indirect Spread:
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Feces, bedding, feed, other bodily fluids
People
Equipment
Aerosol
Indirect cont.:
• People & equipment are mechanical vectors
• Contaminated with infectious agents
• Proper sanitation and disinfection reduces
spread
• Aerosol > 2 miles
Prevention:
• Minimize contact with livestock
• Do Not cross traffic patterns
– People
– Equipment
– Trucks
• Cold weather – highest risk
• Farm owned equipment
• “High health vs. commercial” equipment
Prevention - Livestock:
• Operate away from entrances & chutes of
facilities
• Avoid contamination of immediate area
around facilities
– Spills, overfills, pipe fittings, etc.
• Aerosolizing can cause area spread
Prevention – Traffic Patterns:
• Use other (less traveled) entrances if
possible to site
• Avoid walk areas of facility employees
• Stay out of barn offices, shops, etc.
• Avoid vehicle traffic contact
– Loading / unloading
– Feed bins
– Office / entrance
– Compost areas
Prevention - Weather:
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Cold, damp weather poses greatest risk
Wind speed & direction
Incorporate vs. surface application
Precipitation
Protocols for Clean-Up:
• Spray and wash all equipment with
detergents
• Remove all organic material
• Disinfect
• Drying time before next use
Equipment Clean-Up:
• Includes pumps, pipes, hose, tanks, tines, &
tractors
• Clean at site or designated wash area
• Detergents aid in cleaning bio-film -  cleaning
time
• Hot water cuts wash time in half
• Thorough cleaning!!!
– Especially equipment used near facilities /
structures
– Wash cab of tractors
Disinfectants:
• Synergize 0.8%
– Quarterly ammonium and gluteraldehyde
mixture
– Liquid
• Virkon 1.0%
– Potassium monopersulfate
– Powder
• Minimum 2 hours contact time
Disinfectant cont.:
• Application with foamer
– Better visualization
– Prolongs contact time of chemicals & surfaces
– Enhanced effectiveness
• Attention to “hard-to-reach” areas
Drying:
• Drying Time
– At least 2 hours with disinfectant remaining on the
surfaces
– Most important component of the clean-up
process!!!
• Downtime
– Overnight
• If disinfected & all equipment is dried
– Unknown
• When equipment is not disinfected
• Drying is not complete
Cleanup misc.:
• Vehicles
– Tractors
– Trucks
– ATV’s
• Potential source of contamination
– Sanitize with disinfectant sprays
• Tek-Trol
• Lysol
• Personnel
– One night downtime
– Clean boots and outer work clothing
Recommended Protocols Before
Nutrient Handling Takes Place:
1. Contact site owner
2. Health Status – be informed
– PRRS +/– SIV +/– BVD +/-
3. Farm specific biosecurity requirements?
– Contact vet on record if necessary
4. Discuss handling methods & plan
5. Scheduling
– Avoid same species prior
– Proper downtimes/clean-up
Continued:
6. Log-in prior farm visited & nights downtime
since visited
7. High health or farm designated equipment in
use
8. Possible animal movement during application
period
9. If PRRSv. +, consider impending weather
10.Consider risks for area spread of disease from
resident farm
11.Emergency Action Plan contacts
Common Pitfalls:
• Unaware of health status at site(s)
• Cross contamination risk with people and
vehicle patterns
• Dirty equipment
• Spills
• Unhappy neighbors
Questions???