Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Radiation burn wikipedia , lookup
Industrial radiography wikipedia , lookup
Radiosurgery wikipedia , lookup
Backscatter X-ray wikipedia , lookup
Center for Radiological Research wikipedia , lookup
Radiographer wikipedia , lookup
Positron emission tomography wikipedia , lookup
Nuclear medicine wikipedia , lookup
Fluoroscopy wikipedia , lookup
General Considerations and Maternal Evaluation 2003 . 9. 25 Kim min sun Imaging Techniques Ionizing Radiation Ultrasound Magnetic resonance imaging Guidelines for diagnostics imaging during Pregnancy Ionizing Radiation Fluoroscopy and Angiography :Common- upper gastrointestinal series and barium enema (Barium enema> UGI series) : GI endoscopy- commonly used when a pregnant woman needs evaluation : Angiography – performed when the information obtained alters pregnancy management Computed Tomography Cranial CT(nonenhanced) - for detection of SDH,SAH,EDH initial procedure in emergency situation CT pelvimetry - evaluation of maternal pelvic bony dimension for breech vaginal delivery Nuclear medicine studies Ventilation –perfusion lung scan Thyroid scans Thallium heart scans Ultrasound Very high intencity- human tissue damage from heat and cavitation However, low intencity range of real time imaging- No fetal risks No contraindication-ultrasound imaging of maternal organs during pregnancy Magnetic Resonance Imaging MRI – useful tool in both OB/GY imaging No reported harmful human effects from its use, including any mutagenic effects / No demonstrable fetal heart pattern changes during imaging Magnetic Resonance Imaging Indication- Any gestational age if no other imaging studies can be performed Contraindication -Internal cardiac pacemakers -Neurostimulater -Implantable cardiac defibrillators -implantable electronic infusion pumps -Cochlear implants and some other devices -Intracranial aneurysm clips -metallic foreign body in the globe of the eye Magnetic Resonance Imaging Maternal indication 1. Measurements of the pelvic inlet and midpelvis in the case of breech presentation 2. Martenal disorder - brain tumor, spinal trauma - adrenal tumor (..pheochromocytoma) - uterine and ovarian mass Magnetic Resonance Imaging Fetal indications -Central nervous system and thoracic abnormalities -observation of lecithin peak (used MRspectroscopy--in vivo analysis of lung maturity Guidelines for Diagnostic Imaging during Pregnancy 1.Woman should be counseled that X-ray exposure from a single diagnostic procedure dose not result in harmful fetal effects. Specifically, exposure to less than 5rad has not been associated with an increase in fetal anomalies or pregnancy loss Guidelines for Diagnostic Imaging during Pregnancy 2. Concern about possible effects of high- dose ionizing radiation exposure should not prevent medically indicated diagnostic X-ray procedure from being performed on the mother. During pregnancy, other imaging procedures not associated wit ionizing radiation, such as ultrasonography and magneetic resonance imaging, should be considered instead of X-rays when possible Guidelines for Diagnostic Imaging during Pregnancy 3. US and MRI are not associated with known adverse fetal effects. However, until more information is available, MRI is not recommended for use in the 1st trimester Guidelines for Diagnostic Imaging during Pregnancy 4. Consultation with a radiologist may be helpful in calculating estimated fetal dose when multiple diagnostic X-rays are performed on a pregnant woman Guidelines for Diagnostic Imaging during Pregnancy 5. The use of radioactive isotope of iodine is contraindicated for therapeutic use during pregnancy Imaging Techniques Ionizing Radiation Ultrasound Magnetic resonance imaging Guidelines for diagnostics imaging during Pregnancy Ionizing Radiation Fluoroscopy and Angiography :Common- upper gastrointestinal series and barium enema (Barium enema> UGI series) : GI endoscopy- commonly used when a pregnant woman needs evaluation : Angiography – performed when the information obtained alters pregnancy management Computed Tomography Cranial CT(nonenhanced) - for detection of SDH,SAH,EDH initial procedure in emergency situation CT pelvimetry - evaluation of maternal pelvic bony dimension for breech vaginal delivery Nuclear medicine studies Ventilation –perfusion lung scan Thyroid scans Thallium heart scans Ultrasound Very high intencity- human tissue damage from heat and cavitation However, low intencity range of real time imaging- No fetal risks No contraindication-ultrasound imaging of maternal organs during pregnancy Magnetic Resonance Imaging MRI – useful tool in both OB/GY imaging No reported harmful human effects from its use, including any mutagenic effects / No demonstrable fetal heart pattern changes during imaging Magnetic Resonance Imaging Indication- Any gestational age if no other imaging studies can be performed Contraindication -Internal cardiac pacemakers -Neurostimulater -Implantable cardiac defibrillators -implantable electronic infusion pumps -Cochlear implants and some other devices -Intracranial aneurysm clips -metallic foreign body in the globe of the eye Magnetic Resonance Imaging Maternal indication 1. Measurements of the pelvic inlet and midpelvis in the case of breech presentation 2. Martenal disorder - brain tumor, spinal trauma - adrenal tumor (..pheochromocytoma) - uterine and ovarian mass Magnetic Resonance Imaging Fetal indications -Central nervous system and thoracic abnormalities -observation of lecithin peak (used MRspectroscopy--in vivo analysis of lung maturity Guidelines for Diagnostic Imaging during Pregnancy 1.Woman should be counseled that X-ray exposure from a single diagnostic procedure dose not result in harmful fetal effects. Specifically, exposure to less than 5rad has not been associated with an increase in fetal anomalies or pregnancy loss Guidelines for Diagnostic Imaging during Pregnancy 2. Concern about possible effects of high- dose ionizing radiation exposure should not prevent medically indicated diagnostic X-ray procedure from being performed on the mother. During pregnancy, other imaging procedures not associated wit ionizing radiation, such as ultrasonography and magneetic resonance imaging, should be considered instead of X-rays when possible Guidelines for Diagnostic Imaging during Pregnancy 3. US and MRI are not associated with known adverse fetal effects. However, until more information is available, MRI is not recommended for use in the 1st trimester Guidelines for Diagnostic Imaging during Pregnancy 4. Consultation with a radiologist may be helpful in calculating estimated fetal dose when multiple diagnostic X-rays are performed on a pregnant woman Guidelines for Diagnostic Imaging during Pregnancy 5. The use of radioactive isotope of iodine is contraindicated for therapeutic use during pregnancy