Download The Transport System - IB

The Transport System
The Heart and Circulatory System
Ribs
Thorax
Diaphragm
The Heart
The Pump
artery
vein
Jobs of the Heart
#1 – Systemic flow
#2 – Pulmonary flow
vein
6.2.2 State that the coronary
arteries supply heart muscle
with oxygen & nutrients
6.2.1 Draw and label a diagram of
the heart showing the four
chambers, associated blood
vessels, valves and the route of
blood through the heart.
Internal Anatomy of the heart
Artery = away
Vein – blood goes to the heart
Internal Anatomy of the heart
Rt atrioventricular
valve
6.2.3 Explain the action of the
heart in terms of collecting
blood, pumping blood, and
opening and closing of valves.
6.2.3
 left ventricle fills with blood
 Left ventricle contracts
 Closure of the atrioventricular valve to prevent
backflow into the left atrium
 Dramatic increase in blood pressure inside the left
ventricle which opens the left semilunar valve and
allows blood to enter the aorta
 Due to the increase in pressure, blood leaves the
heart through the aorta
6.2.5 Explain the relationship
between the structure &
function of arteries, capillaries
and veins.
Comparison of arteries,
capillaries, and veins
Artery
Capillary
Vein
Thick walled
Wall is 1 cell thick
Thin walled
No exchanges
All exchanges
No exchanges
No internal valves
No internal valves
Have internal
valves
Internal pressure
high
Internal pressure
low
Internal pressure
low
Path of a Red Blood Cell
 Arteries
 Arterioles
 Capillary bed – one cell thick
 Venules
 Veins
6.2.4 Outline the control of the heartbeat in
terms of myogenic muscle contraction, the
role fo the pacemaker, nerves, the medulla
of the brain & adrenaline.
Control of heart rate
 The majority of heart tissue is
muscle
 Contracts & relaxes without
nervous system control
 Right atrium – sinoatrial node
 Electrical signal – both atria
 Atrioventricular node
 2nd electrical signal – to
ventricles
What happens when you
exercise?
 Increase demand for oxygen (cell respiration)
 Need to get rid of excess carbon dioxide
 Brainstem area (medulla) chemically sense the
increase in CO2
 Medulla signals cranial nerve (cardiac nerve) to
increase heart rate
 SA node receives signal
 Changes timing
Done exercising?
 Signal from medulla to different cranial nerve
 SA node receives signal
 Goes back to resting heart rate
Other factors?
Chemicals:
Adrenaline
Lub Dub
6.2.6 State that blood is
composed of plasma,
erythrocytes, leucocytes,
(phagocytes and lymphocytes)
and platelets.
Components of blood
Component
Description
Plasma
Liquid portion of blood
Erythrocytes
Red blood cells (carry oxygen &
carbon dioxide
Leucocytes
White blood cells (phagocytes and
lymphocytes
Platelets
Cell fragments (assist in blood
clotting)
6.2.7 State that the following
are transported by the blood:
nutrients, oxygen, carbon
dioxide, hormones, antibodies,
urea, and heat.
Transport by blood
What is transported
What it is or does
Nutrients
Glucose, amino acids, etc
Oxygen
Reactant needed for aerobis
cell respiration
Carbon dioxide
Waste product of aerobic cell
respiration
Hormones
Transported from gland to
target cells
Antibodies
Protein molecules involved in
immunity
Urea
Nitrogenous waste (filtered
out of the blood by kidneys)
Heat
Skin arterioles (can change
diameter in order to gain or
lose heat