Download Bio102_Lab3

Biology 102
Laboratory 3
Arteries I
Human/Cat Gross Anatomy
Histology
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Objectives for Lab 3
• Identify the arteries above the diaphragm and in the
upper limb listed on your Lab Handout in a human
model or photograph of a human.
• Identify the arteries above the diaphragm and in the
upper limb listed on your Lab Handout on a dissected
cat or photograph of a cat.
• Describe the layers/tunics and histological
characteristics of arteries.
• Be able to trace the path of a drop of blood through the
arteries you learned today.
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Systemic Circuit
• Composed of vessels that lead from the heart to
all body parts (except the lungs) and back to the
heart
• Includes the aorta and its branches (know!)
• Includes the system of veins that return blood
to the right atrium
• Includes the coronary circulation
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Comparison of Walls of Arteries and Veins
Smooth muscle of the
tunica media in both
arteries and veins is
innervated by the
sympathetic nervous
system.
Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010
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Major Vessels of Arterial System
1. Arteries carry blood
AWAY from heart.
2. Same ‘tube’ is
named something
different depending
on the anatomical
landmark it’s near.
Figure from: Martini, Anatomy &
Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001
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Major Blood Vessels Associated With Heart
Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010
You should know all the vessels and structures on this slide
Remember your ABCs: Aortic arch, Brachiocephalic, Carotid, subclavian
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Arteries to Neck, Head, and Brain
Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010
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Arteries to Shoulder and Upper Limb
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= pulse points
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Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010
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Cat Blood Vessel Dissection Schedule
• Blood vessel labs
– Dissection 1(today - arteries above diaphragm and
upper limb)
• Preparing the cat (see page 721 in Marieb)
• Cardiovascular (pp. 725-728 in Marieb)
– Dissection 2 (next lab - arteries below diaphragm
and lower limbs)
• Cardiovascular (pp. 725-728 in Marieb)
– Dissection 3 (two weeks from today – all veins)
• Cardiovascular (pp. 729-732 in Marieb)
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Objectives for Today’s Cat Dissection
• Begin dissecting the preserved cat to identify
arteries above the diaphragm and in the upper
limb.
• Begin to identify the arteries listed on the Cat
Artery Checklist for Lab 3 in your Laboratory
Guide
• DON’T RUSH YOUR DISSECTION!!!
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Precautions for Cat Dissection
• You must wear gloves and goggles for this lab!
• ABSOLUTELY NO FOOD OR DRINK
• Be EXTREMELY careful when using the scalpels
– Keep your index finger on the top of the blade
– Be careful not to inadvertently cut structures
• Use a blunt probe, or your gloved fingers to dissect
away tissue. Use the scalpel ONLY for initial
cutting. Proceed S-L-O-W-L-Y.
• Discard scraps/liquid into the appropriate container
• Gloves, paper towels, plastic bags -> regular trash
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Getting started with Cat Dissection…
• Work in groups of three or four
• Get some paper towels and keep them at your lab
table
• Get your instruments and dissecting tray (large trays
in the front of the lab) ready
• Get a cat and cut open the sealed bag but don’t
discard the fluid; you’ll be using this cat all
semester and replacing the fluid each time.
• Let the cat out of the bag! 
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Getting started with Cat Dissection…
• See page 721 in Marieb’s Lab Manual
– This will prepare the cat for the rest of the
dissections
– Try to identify the major organs you see before you
begin dissecting any further
• Look at the preserved, dissected cat (front of
lab) to get an idea of what you’ll see for each
system
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Getting started with Cat Dissection…
• Once the initial cuts have been made according
to the instructions in your Lab Manual, you are
ready to continue with artery identification
• Note that the cats have been dual injected with
dyes (red = arteries, blue = veins)
• Note the differences in the anatomy of the cat
(vs. the human) in the blood vessels around the
heart (see your Laboratory Handout)
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Cardiovascular system
• Open the rib cage by cutting just to one side of
the sternum with scissors then spread the ribs
• Examine the position of the thoracic organs, i.e.,
heart and lungs and the membranes surrounding
them
• Gently begin to remove the fatty/glandular
tissue from the surface of the heart to expose the
vessels around the heart (see preserved cat)
• Work S-L-O-W-L-Y to dissect away the CT
from the vessels. Use a blunt probe.
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Initial Cuts to
be made to
prepare for the
Cat for further
dissection
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Artery Dissection
• You should be able to locate the arteries above
the diaphragm and in the upper limb that are
listed in your Lab Guide
• Notice the pulmonary vessels and try to trace
their path to their connections to the lungs
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Right common
carotid artery
Right
subclavian
artery
Brachiocephalic
artery
Heart (within
pericardium)
Left common
carotid artery
Left
subclavian
artery
Aorta
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Left external
maxillary artery
Left lingual artery
Left external
carotid artery
Superior thyroid
artery
Left internal carotid
artery
Left common carotid
artery
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Radial
vein
Brachial
artery
Radial
artery
Ulnar
artery
Brachial
vein
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Left
thyrocervical
artery
Left
axillary
artery
Left
vertebral
artery
Left brachial
artery
Left
subclavian
artery
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Right external jugular vein
Left common carotid artery
Right common carotid artery
Right subclavian vein
Right brachiocephalic vein
Right subclavian artery
Superior vena cava
Left external jugular vein
Left subclavian vein
Left brachiocephalic vein
Left subclavian artery
Brachiocephalic artery
Aorta
Right atrium of heart
Left ventricle of heart
Right ventricle of heart
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Right
common
carotid
artery
Left common
carotid artery
Left
subclavian
artery
Right
subclavian
artery
Brachiocephalic
artery
Aorta
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Right common carotid artery
Left common carotid artery
Right subclavian artery
Left subclavian
artery
Brachiocephalic
artery
Lungs
Trachea
Ascending aorta
Aortic arch
Descending aorta
*Note the differences from the human
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Brachiocephalic
artery
Ascending
aorta
Left
subclavian
artery
Aortic
arch
Pulmonary trunk
Right
ventricle
Left
ventricle
Left atrium
Descending aorta
Esophagus
Diaphragm
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Right thyrocervical artery
Left thyrocervical
artery
Right brachial artery
Right axillary artery
Right vertebral artery
Left axillary artery
Left vertebral artery
Right subclavian artery
Right thoracodorsal artery
Left internal mammary
artery
Left subclavian artery
Right internal mammary artery
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Left common
carotid artery
Right
common
carotid
artery
Right
subclavian
artery
Brachiocephalic
artery
Ascending
aorta
Heart
Left subclavian
artery
Aortic
arch
Descending
aorta
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Brachiocephalic
artery
Aortic
arch
Left
subclavian
artery
Ascending aorta
Pulmonary
trunk
Heart
Descending
aorta (thoracic
aorta)
Intercostal
arteries
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Aorta
Right
atrium
Right
ventricle
Coronary
vessels
Pulmonary
trunk
Left atrium
Left
ventricle
Apex of the
heart
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Things you should do in lab today
• Examine the artery slide under the microscope
– Name/identify the layers of the artery
– Describe how each layer (tunic) is constructed
– Refer to Marieb’s Lab Manual Figure 32.1 left side
• Perform cat dissection of arteries listed for Lab 3
(above diaphragm and upper limb). See Marieb’s
Lab manual pp. 721 and 725-728 for instructions.
• Review human arteries listed for Lab 3 (above
diaphragm and upper limb)
• Complete Lab 3 Assignment on a separate sheet of
paper, put your name on it, and hand it in today.
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Marieb Figure 32.2, page 471
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To be handed in…
• Lab 3 Assignment (Figures 32.2, 32.3, and 32.4)
– Exercise 1 - trace the path of a drop of blood from just after
it leaves the heart until it reaches left side of the brain.
– Exercise 2 - trace the path of a drop of blood from just after
it leaves the heart until it reaches right wrist.
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Next Lab…
• We will continue with arteries in the next lab:
those below the diaphragm and serving the
lower limb
• Good idea to look ahead at the arteries we’ll be
covering.
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