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Circulatory System Conditions Heart Conditions • • • • • Congenital heart defect Arryhthmia Diabetes Stroke Heart Attack Congenital Heart Defect – when the vessels surrounding the heart do not develop normally before birth. • Most common heart defect 8:1000. • Causes - hereditary • Symptoms – – – – Rapid breathing Bluish tint to skin Tiredness Poor blood circulation • Treatments – Catheter-based procedure – surgery Diastole vs. Systole Electrocardiogram & the Cardiac Cycle • P = Excitation of the atrial walls. • Q/R/S = Excitation of the ventrical walls • T = ventrical wall recovery 2 Phases of the Cardiac Cycle • Diastole Phase – SA node causes atrial contraction. – Atria empty blood. – Valves close • Systole Phase – AV node causes ventrical contraction – Ventricles empty blood. Arryhthmia – irregularity in the heart beat • Causes – – Electrolyte imbalance – Heart attack – Coronary artery disease • Symptoms – most are minor – – – – – Palpitations Pounding in your chest Heart flutter Fainting Shortness of breath • Treatments – Many need no treatment – Medications – Pacemaker Diabetes – the body does not produce or properly use insulin. • Causes – – Type 1 – Genetics – not enough insulin. – Type 2 - Obesity, lack of exercise – body doesn’t respond normally to insulin. • Symptoms – most are minor – – – – – – – Frequent urination Excessive thirst Extreme hunger Unusual weight loss Fatigue Irritability Blurry vision • Treatments – Minimize elevation of blood sugar. – Type 1 – insulin, exercise, diet. – Type 2 – weight reduction, diet, exercise Strokes Stroke – sudden death of brain cells due to a lack of flow of oxygen • Causes – – Clotting or bursting of an artery or chamber of the heart. • Symptoms – most are minor – – – – – Weakness Paralysis Speech problems Numbness Tingling • Treatments – Managing blood pressure – Managing cholesterol – Use of anti-coagulants – Blood-clot dissolving medications CT Scan Heart Attack – death of a part of the heart muscle by blockage of the coronary artery. • Causes – – Atherosclerosis – cholesterol plaque build-up. Hardening & narrowing • Symptoms – most are minor – – – – – – Chest, arm, jaw pain Headache, toothache Shortness of breath Nausea, vomiting Sweating Lethargy • Treatments – Clot-dissolving/preventing medications – e.g. aspirin (~25% fatality reduction) – Supplemental oxygen – Medications to control arryhthmia More Information… • http://americanheart.org/ • http://www.medicinenet.com/