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Questions
prepared by Mark Hollier,
Georgia Perimeter College Clarkston Campus
CHAPTER
18
The
Cardiovascular
System:
The Heart
© Annie Leibovitz/Contact Press Images
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The apex of the heart points _______.
a)
b)
c)
d)
superiorly toward the right shoulder
laterally toward the right hip
inferiorly toward the left hip
posteriorly toward the left shoulder
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The apex of the heart points _______.
a)
b)
c)
d)
superiorly toward the right shoulder
laterally toward the right hip
inferiorly toward the left hip
posteriorly toward the left shoulder
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
What is the double-walled sac covering the
heart termed?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Pericardium
Myocardium
Epicardium
Endocardium
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
What is the double-walled sac covering the
heart termed?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Pericardium
Myocardium
Epicardium
Endocardium
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Of the following layers of the heart wall, which
consumes the most energy?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium
Visceral pericardium
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Of the following layers of the heart wall, which
consumes the most energy?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium
Visceral pericardium
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following structures is an
exception to the general principle surrounding
blood vessel oxygenation levels?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Pulmonary artery
Aorta
Pulmonary veins
Both a and c
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following structures is an
exception to the general principle surrounding
blood vessel oxygenation levels?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Pulmonary artery
Aorta
Pulmonary veins
Both a and c
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following statements is true?
a)
b)
c)
d)
All arteries transport oxygen-rich blood.
The right side of the heart is the systemic circuit
pump.
Equal volumes of blood are pumped to the
pulmonary and systemic circuits at any
moment.
The left side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following statements is true?
a)
b)
c)
d)
All arteries transport oxygen-rich blood.
The right side of the heart is the systemic circuit
pump.
Equal volumes of blood are pumped to the
pulmonary and systemic circuits at any
moment.
The left side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
What purpose does the coronary circuit serve?
a)
b)
c)
d)
None; it is a vestigial set of vessels.
It delivers 1/20 of the body's blood supply to the
heart muscle itself.
It delivers blood to the anterior lung surface for gas
exchange.
It feeds the anterior thoracic wall.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
What purpose does the coronary circuit serve?
a)
b)
c)
d)
None; it is a vestigial set of vessels.
It delivers 1/20 of the body's blood supply to the
heart muscle itself.
It delivers blood to the anterior lung surface for gas
exchange.
It feeds the anterior thoracic wall.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
A heart murmur would be detected when blood
is heard flowing from the ________ to the
________ through the ________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
right atrium; right ventricle; tricuspid valve
right atrium; left atrium; tricuspid valve
left ventricle; left atrium; mitral valve
left atrium; left ventricle; mitral valve
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
A heart murmur would be detected when blood
is heard flowing from the ________ to the
________ through the ________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
right atrium; right ventricle; tricuspid valve
right atrium; left atrium; tricuspid valve
left ventricle; left atrium; mitral valve
left atrium; left ventricle; mitral valve
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The presence of intercalated discs between
adjacent cardiac muscle cells causes the heart
to behave as a _______.
a)
b)
c)
d)
single chamber
contractile myofibril
desmosome
functional syncytium
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The presence of intercalated discs between
adjacent cardiac muscle cells causes the heart
to behave as a _______.
a)
b)
c)
d)
single chamber
contractile myofibril
desmosome
functional syncytium
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Cardiac muscle cells have several similarities
with skeletal muscle cells. Which of the
following is not a similarity?
a)
b)
c)
d)
The cells are each innervated by a nerve
ending.
The cells store calcium ions in the sarcoplasmic
reticulum.
The cells contain sarcomeres.
The cells become depolarized when sodium ions
enter the cytoplasm.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Cardiac muscle cells have several similarities
with skeletal muscle cells. Which of the
following is not a similarity?
a)
b)
c)
d)
The cells are each innervated by a nerve
ending.
The cells store calcium ions in the sarcoplasmic
reticulum.
The cells contain sarcomeres.
The cells become depolarized when sodium ions
enter the cytoplasm.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The stimulus for the heart's rhythmic
contractions comes from _________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
intercalated discs
acetylcholine
a neuromuscular junction
a pacemaker potential
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The stimulus for the heart's rhythmic
contractions comes from _________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
intercalated discs
acetylcholine
a neuromuscular junction
a pacemaker potential
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
In a normal heart, which of the following
structures is responsible for setting the heart's
pace?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Sinoatrial node
Atrioventricular node
Atrioventricular bundle
Subendocardial conducting network
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
In a normal heart, which of the following
structures is responsible for setting the heart's
pace?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Sinoatrial node
Atrioventricular node
Atrioventricular bundle
Subendocardial conducting network
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Predict the nature of an ECG recording when
the atrioventricular node becomes the
pacemaker.
a)
b)
c)
d)
There would continue to be a normal sinus rhythm.
The P wave would be much larger than normal.
The rhythm would be slower.
The T wave would be much smaller than normal.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Predict the nature of an ECG recording when
the atrioventricular node becomes the
pacemaker.
a)
b)
c)
d)
There would continue to be a normal sinus rhythm.
The P wave would be much larger than normal.
The rhythm would be slower.
The T wave would be much smaller than normal.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The input to the heart from the cardioinhibitory
center primarily affects the ___________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
sinoatrial node and atrioventricular node
subendocardial conducting network
the cardiac contractile fibers
atrioventricular bundle
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The input to the heart from the cardioinhibitory
center primarily affects the ___________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
sinoatrial node and atrioventricular node
subendocardial conducting network
the cardiac contractile fibers
atrioventricular bundle
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The "lub-dup" heart sounds are produced by
_______.
a)
b)
c)
d)
the walls of the atria and ventricles slapping
together during a contraction
the blood hitting the walls of the ventricles and
arteries, respectively
the closing of the atrioventricular valves ("lub") and
the closing of the semilunar valves ("dup")
the closing of the semilunar valves ("lub") and the
closing of the atrioventricular valves ("dup")
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The "lub-dup" heart sounds are produced by
_______.
a)
b)
c)
d)
the walls of the atria and ventricles slapping
together during a contraction
the blood hitting the walls of the ventricles and
arteries, respectively
the closing of the atrioventricular valves ("lub")
and the closing of the semilunar valves ("dup")
the closing of the semilunar valves ("lub") and the
closing of the atrioventricular valves ("dup")
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Atrial systole occurs _______ the firing of the
sinoatrial node.
a)
b)
c)
d)
before
after
simultaneously with
alternately with
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Atrial systole occurs _______ the firing of the
sinoatrial node.
a)
b)
c)
d)
before
after
simultaneously with
alternately with
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The majority (80%) of ventricular filling occurs
________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
during late ventricular diastole
passively through blood flow alone
with atrial systole
both a and b
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The majority (80%) of ventricular filling occurs
________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
during late ventricular diastole
passively through blood flow alone
with atrial systole
both a and b
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
In terms of blood flow, why is it important that
atrial diastole occurs just as ventricular systole
begins?
a)
b)
c)
d)
The AV valves would remain open if the atria were
still contracting.
The atria need that time to fill with blood in
preparation for ventricular filling.
Ventricular systole pulls the remaining 20% of blood
volume from the atria.
Blood would flow too fast otherwise.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
In terms of blood flow, why is it important that
atrial diastole occurs just as ventricular systole
begins?
a)
b)
c)
d)
The AV valves would remain open if the atria were
still contracting.
The atria need that time to fill with blood in
preparation for ventricular filling.
Ventricular systole pulls the remaining 20% of blood
volume from the atria.
Blood would flow too fast otherwise.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Cardiac output is determined by _______.
a)
b)
c)
d)
heart rate
stroke volume
cardiac reserve
both a and b
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Cardiac output is determined by _______.
a)
b)
c)
d)
heart rate
stroke volume
cardiac reserve
both a and b
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Your heart seems to "pound" after you hear a
sudden, loud noise. This increased
contractility is _______.
a)
b)
c)
d)
because vagal nerve impulses arrive faster at the
heart
because when a gasp of surprise is emitted, the
Frank-Starling law of the heart is evident
due to norepinephrine causing threshold to be
reached more quickly
because acetylcholine release is inhibited
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Your heart seems to "pound" after you hear a
sudden, loud noise. This increased
contractility is _______.
a)
b)
c)
d)
because vagal nerve impulses arrive faster at the
heart
because when a gasp of surprise is emitted, the
Frank-Starling law of the heart is evident
due to norepinephrine causing threshold to be
reached more quickly
because acetylcholine release is inhibited
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Why is high blood pressure damaging to the
heart?
a)
b)
c)
d)
With high blood pressure, the blood is more viscous
and harder to pump.
The heart rate slows down to dangerously low
levels if blood pressure is too high.
Due to increased afterload, the left ventricle
must contract more forcefully to expel the same
amount of blood.
Sodium concentration increases during high blood
pressure and is toxic to the myocardium.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Why is high blood pressure damaging to the
heart?
a)
b)
c)
d)
With high blood pressure, the blood is more viscous
and harder to pump.
The heart rate slows down to dangerously low
levels if blood pressure is too high.
Due to increased afterload, the left ventricle
must contract more forcefully to expel the same
amount of blood.
Sodium concentration increases during high blood
pressure and is toxic to the myocardium.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.