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2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system Essential questions: What are the functions of blood? What are some disorders of the blood? How are blood disorders treated? How do you relate the body’s use of nutrients to the blood? What are the functions of the circulatory system? What are some disorders of the circulatory system? How are disorders of the circulatory system treated? How do you relate the body’s use of nutrients to the circulatory system? 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 2 What are the functions of blood? Transportation What does the blood transport? Why is this an important function? 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 3 What are the functions of blood? Regulation How does the blood regulate heat? How does the blood regulate acid/base balance? 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 4 What are the functions of blood? Protection What function of the blood serve to protect the body? What is the relevance to health? 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 5 Functions of the blood components Plasma Erythrocytes Leukocytes Thrombocytes 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 6 Plasma Plasma Cellular elements 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system 7 Erythrocytes What are the functions of erythrocytes? hemo= blood globin= protein What is the function of hemoglobin? 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 8 Erythrocytes Starts here hemolysis What is it? Where does it occur? What is the lifetime of an erythrocyte? What happens to old erythrocytes? 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 9 Rh factor 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 10 Leukocytes What is the function of leukocytes? Compare leukocytes to erythrocytes. 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 11 Leukocytes Agranulocytes Lymphocytes Monocytes 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 12 Leukocytes Granulocytes Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 13 Inflammation 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 14 Inflammation 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 15 Thrombocytes What is the composition of thrombocytes? What is their function? 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 16 Thrombocytes 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 17 Blood types 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 18 Blood types Compare blood types. (antigen/antibodies) A B AB O Who can receive type O blood? 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 19 Rh factor 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 20 Blood Disorders Anemia Review the symptoms of anemia. Discuss why these symptoms occur. 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 21 Blood disorders 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 22 Blood disorders 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 23 Blood disorders Review the symptoms of hemophilia. Discuss why these symptoms occur. 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 24 Blood disorders Leukemia What is leukemia? Review the symptoms of leukemia. Discuss why these symptoms occur. 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 25 Blood disorders Multiple myeloma What is multiple myeloma? What are the symptoms? How is it treated? 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 26 Blood disorders Polycythemia What is polycythemia? What are the symptoms? How is it treated? 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 27 Blood disorders Septicemia 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 28 Blood disorders Sickle cell anemia What is sickle cell anemia? What are the symptoms? How is it treated? 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 29 What are the functions of the heart? 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 30 Functions of the heart Did you know? At rest, 2 ounces of blood is circulated with each heart beat. 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 31 Functions of the heart It’s a PUMP What do pumps do? How does this relate to heart function? 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 32 Hear the beat! 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 33 Blood Pressure FYI Blood pressure is the surge of blood when heart pumps creates pressure against the walls of the arteries SYSTOLIC PRESSURE Measured during the contraction phase DIASTOLIC PRESSURE Measured when the ventricles are relaxed What is the normal range of blood pressure for an adult? 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 34 Functions of the heart It’s a PUMP What makes the pump work? It’s electric! Explain the electrical activity of the heart. 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 35 It’s electric! Discuss the function of the heart’s conduction system. 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 36 Electrocardiogram EKG or ECG SYSTOLE = contraction phase DIASTOLE = relaxation phase Baseline of an EKG is a flat line: P = Atrial contraction QRS = Ventricular contraction T = Ventricular relaxation 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 37 Functions of the heart It’s a PUMP What makes the pump work? It’s electric! 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 38 Functions of the heart Transportation What does the heart transport? What is involved in the transportation process? How is this a circulatory system function? 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 39 Normal Heart rate At rest, your heart rate should average between 60-90 beats per minute. 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 40 The transportation process Discuss systemic circulation 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 41 The transportation process Right side Superior vena cava Inferior vena cava Right atrium Tricuspid valve Right Ventricle Pulmonary valve Pulmonary artery Left Side Pulmonary vein Left atrium Bicuspid valve Left ventricle Aortic valve Aorta Body Lungs CO2 and O2 exchange (Schematic of systemic circulation) 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 42 The transportation process Discuss cardiopulmonary circulation Compare Systemic Circulation To Cardiopulmonary Circulation 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 43 Vessels of the circulatory system ARTERIES What are the functions of arteries? What are the characteristics of arteries? Which direction do arteries flow? 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 44 Vessels of the circulatory system Describe arterial blood. 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 45 Vessels of the circulatory system VEINS What is the function of arteries? What are the characteristics of arteries? Which direction do arteries flow? Compare arterial and venous blood. 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 46 Vessels of the circulatory system 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 47 Vessels of the circulatory system 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 48 Vessels of the circulatory system Capillaries What is the function of capillaries? What happens if this action is obstructed? 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 49 Remember Pulse Sites? Where do they come from? 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 50 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 51 Circulatory disorders Aneurysm- ballooning out of an artery. 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 52 Circulatory disorders Angina pectoris 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 53 Circulatory disorders Arrhythmia Is any change from normal heart rate or rhythm BRADYCARDIA Slow heart rate (<60 beats per minute) TACHYCARDIA Rapid heart rate (>100 beats per minute) 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 54 Circulatory disorders Arteriosclerosis- arterial walls thicken and lose elasticity as aging occurs. 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 55 Circulatory disorders Atherosclerosis- occurs when fatty substances form along the walls of the arteries. 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 56 Circulatory disorders Coronary artery disease-narrowing of the arteries that supply oxygen and nutrient-filled blood to the heart muscle. 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 57 Circulatory disorders Hypertension What is hypertension? What factors influence the development of hypertension? How is it treated? Why is it called the “silent killer?” 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 58 Circulatory disorders Heart failure- occurs when the ventricles are unable to contract effectively and blood Pools in the heart. 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 59 Circulatory disorders Murmurs- indicate a defect in the valves of the heart 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 60 Circulatory disorders Myocardial infarction- heart attack. Lack of blood supply to the heart muscle. 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 61 Circulatory disorders Peripheral vascular disease- Caused by blockage of the arteries, especially in the legs. 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 62 Circulatory disorders Pulmonary edema 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 63 Circulatory disorders Transient ischemic attack- temporary interruption of the blood flow to the brain. 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 64 Circulatory disorders Varicose veins- swollen veins. Prevention Elevate legs when resting Wear elastic support stockings Eating fiber diets Exercise Weight control 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 65 Circulatory disorders Leading Causes of Death: The Impact of Circulatory Disorders 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 66 Relevance of nutrients to the blood and circulatory system The circulatory system plays a vital role in homeostasis Absorption and transport of nutrients to cells, tissues, organs, and systems 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 67