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CIRCULATION
WHAT ARE THE PARTS OF THE
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM?

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PARTS OF
THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

1. Heart
– Function:

2. Blood Vessels
– Includes:

3. Blood
– Consists of:
THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

What is the function of the circulatory
system?
THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

The function of any circulatory system is to:
– To move blood/materials throughout the body.
– To move nutrients from GI Tract to cells.
– To move oxygen and carbon dioxide to and from the
cells.
– To transfer heat to and from the body.
– To carry antibodies.
– To carry hormones from glands to targets.
– To move wastes away from cells.
THREE TYPES OF CIRCULATION

1. Coronary
– Blood flow to and from the heart.
THREE TYPES OF CIRCULATION

2. Pulmonary
– Blood flow to and from the lungs.
THREE TYPES OF CIRCULATION

3. Systemic
– Blood flow to and from the systems of the
body.
 Ex.
THE STRUCTURES OF THE HEART
THE HEART
HEART

Square Heart Model
STRUCTURES OF THE HEART

Heart has 4 chambers
– Left Atrium
– Left Ventricle
 SEPTUM
– Right Atrium
– Right Ventricle
HEART VALVES
BLOOD VESSELS

Arteries
– Carry blood

away from the heart.
Veins
– Carry blood towards the heart.
KEY ARTERIES AND VEINS OF THE
HEART

Pulmonary Artery and Pulmonary Vein
– Definition:

Inferior Vena Cava and Superior Vena
Cava
– Definition:

Aorta
– Definition:
PATHWAY OF BLOOD THROUGH
THE HEART
R. Atrium -> R. Ventricle ->
Pulmonary Artery -> Lungs ->
Pulmonary Vein -> L. Atrium -> L. Ventricle
-> Aorta -> Body Cells -> Vena Cava ->
R. Atrium…

BLOOD VESSELS

Arteries
– Have muscular walls
– Larger blood vessels
– Aorta is largest artery in the heart
– Arteries move blood away from the heart
BLOOD VESSELS

Veins
– Carry Blood to the heart
– Thin walled
– Less muscular than arteries
– Contains valves to prevent the back-flow of
blood
BLOOD VESSELS

Capillaries
– Smallest blood vessels
– Connects arteries to veins
– Site of exchange of materials
CAPILLARIES

Area where every cell is touched by blood
PULSE
Rhythm of heart contractions felt in
arteries.
 A doctor uses a stethoscope to hear the
heartbeat.

– Average is 65-80 beats per minute (BPM)
BLOOD PRESSURE
Pressure of blood on walls of arteries.
 Consists of 2 numbers:

– Systolic
 Pressure reading when heart muscles contract
– Diastolic
 Pressure reading when heart muscles relax
BLOOD PRESSURE

Average readings taken with a
sphygmomanometer
– Normal is 120/80

Blood pressure is affected by:

Hypertension is high blood pressure.
EKG

Electrocardiogram
– Graphs the electrical activity of the heart
muscle
Cardiovascular Disorders

Heart Attack
– Failure of heart muscle due to many causes, such as:
 Lack of oxygen or nutrients being delivered
 Damage to the muscles
 Blockage of blood vessels
– Symptoms
 Angina (pain resulting from narrowing of blood vessels)
 Left arm numbness
 Out of breath
Cardiovascular Disorders

Stroke
– Blood clot or broken blood vessel in brain
– Blood flow is restricted
– Brain does not function properly
Cardiovascular Disorder

Aneurysm
– Broken blood vessel
Disorders
Hypertension
 Heart Attack
 Stroke
 Aneurysm
 Atherosclerosis
 Coronary Thrombosis

Cardiovascular Disorders

Atherosclerosis
– Scarring of artery tissue
– Cholesterol builds up on the scar tissue
Cardiovascular Disorders

Coronary Thrombosis
– A blood clot in the blood vessels of the heart.
– Blocks blood flow
Questions

Why does a doctor draw blood?

Where does a doctor draw blood from?

What kinds of things show up on a blood
test?
COMPONENTS OF THE BLOOD

What are the 4 parts of the blood?
– Red Blood Cells
– Platelets
– Plasma
– White Blood Cells
COMPONENTS OF THE BLOOD
Red Blood Cells

Facts:
– Carry OXYGEN
– Contain HEMOGLOBIN
– Made in BONE MARROW
– Live approx. 120 days
Red Blood Cells

Disorders:
– Anemia
 RBC’s are not carrying oxygen well, due to lack of
iron within the hemoglobin
Red Blood Cells
Name another form of anemia that we have
discussed already, this year._________________
Platelets

Makes blood clot
– Platelets contain fibrinogen (a protein) that
forms a “net” around a cut to stop bleeding
Platelets
Platelets

Disorders:
– Hemophilia
Plasma
Plasma
Liquid part of the blood
 Consists mostly of water
 “River” of life

– Carries cells and materials
White Blood Cells
Made in BONE MARROW
 Fight infection by causing an immune
response.
 Known as phagocytes because they
____________ bacteria.

White Blood Cells

Phagocytosis
– attacks ANTIGENS (invaders)
White Blood Cells & Immunity

Another type of White Blood Cell is called
a LYMPHOCYTE.
– Lymphocytes make ANTIBODIES
 Antibodies are proteins that fight foreign invaders
– Antibodies DESTROY Antigens
 Another word for Antigen is PATHOGEN
 Therefore: antibodies destroy pathogens 
ANTIBODY & ANTIGEN REACTION
ANTIBODY & ANTIGEN REACTION
DISORDERS OF WBC’s

Leukemia
– Also called blood cancer
– Too many white blood cells
– Treatments may include:
 Chemotherapy
 Radiation
 Bone Marrow Transplant
DISORDERS OF WBC’s

AIDS
– A_________ I________D_______S_________
– Attacks WBC’s, weakening immunity
– HIV is the virus that causes AIDS
 Human Immunodeficiency Virus
– Transmitted by:
 Unprotected sex
 Blood Exchange
 Shared Needles
 Mother to child***
Types of Immunity

Inborn/Passive Immunity
– Antibodies you are born with.
 Passed from a mother to her unborn child.
(in vitro)
– OR it can be temporary, such as from a
mother to a baby, through breastfeeding.
Types of Immunity

Acquired/Active Immunity
– Develops during a lifetime from exposure to
disease
– The body produces antibodies to fight
infection
– OR a VACCINE is given
 Chicken Pox
Vaccines

How a vaccine is created/works:
– 1.
– 2.
– 3.
– 4.
Obtain pathogen
Kill or weaken the pathogen
Inject into human
Body produces antibodies
Allergies

An allergic reaction is the body’s immune
response to an antigen. (like dust)
– Can cause sneezing, runny nose, watery eyes,
trouble breathing, rashes, hives, or more life
threatening reactions
BLOOD TYPES

4 Blood Types:

Universal Donor is:

Universal Recipient is:
BLOOD TYPES
Type
Antibodies
A
Antigen
(Protein)
A
B
B
Anti-A
AB
A and B
NONE
O
NONE
Anti-A & Anti-B
Anti-B
BLOOD TYPES

DRAWING
BLOOD TYPES
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
•
•
Lymph is intercellular fluid (a plasma) that
is found around all cells
The lymphatic system is a system of
vessels that carries lymph.
LYMPH

Carries antibodies, WBC’s, fatty acids and
glycerol
– Fatty acids and glycerol are the building
blocks of __________.

Lymph helps to keep your intercellular
spaces clean and disease free.
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
Blood vessels carry ____________
 Lymph vessels carry ___________


The lymphatic vessels have nodes (glands)
that make lymph
– Ex. Lymph nodes are found under the arms