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Nervous System Senses Circulatory System Lymphatic System HodgePodge 10 10 10 10 10 20 20 20 20 20 30 30 30 30 30 40 40 40 40 40 50 50 50 50 50 Describe what happens during repolarization of a neuron. Restoration of the difference in charge between inside & outside of membrane (K+ outside, Na+ inside) Where does continuous conduction of action potentials occur? Unmyelinated axons What hollow structures circulate cerebrospinal fluid through the brain? Ventricles (Lateral-thirdaqueduct-fourth) List the structures involved in a reflex arc in order. Receptor, sensory neuron, integration center, motor neuron, effector In a quadriplegic, what region of the spine is injured? In a paraplegic? Quad cervical; Para below cervical Define accommodation. Automatic adjustment of the lens (to change from close to distant vision) Auditory receptors for sensations are found where? Organ of Corti on basilar membrane in cochlea of inner ear What inner ear structure maintains balance during rotation? Semi-circular canals What are the names of the auditory ossicles of the middle ear? Stapes, incus and malleus Define otoliths. Particles of calcium carbonate found in the inner ear that are used to maintain balance. Describe the function of the circulatory system. Transport, protection and maintenance of temperature Describe the QRS section of an EKG and what it represents. Ventricular depolarization Trace the path of an action potential through the heart. SA node-AV node-bundle of His-branches-Purkinje fibers Pulmonary arteries carry blood where in relation to the heart? Away from (to the lungs) Define aneurysm. Bulge in an artery; artery weakens and can fill with blood Give four examples of substance that can act as antigens. Bacteria, pollen, food and viruses What is the difference between cell-mediated and humoral immunity? Cell-mediated produces T cells; humoral produces B cells and antibodies Describe the difference between the first and second encounter with an antigen in terms of antibodies. 1st takes days to build antibodies; 2nd is intense and rapid What is the body’s 1st line of defense in terms of immunity? Physical barriers-skin, mucous membranes, hair, sweat, saliva, tears, gastric juices What is immunological tolerance? The body’s ability to recognize self-cells and therefore NOT attack them. Describe Boyle’s Law in relation to pulmonary ventilation. It is inversely proportional; increase in volume=decrease in pressure (and vice-versa) List the components of glomerular filtrate. Glucose, amino acids, urea Describe the process of digestion. Digestion is the process of breaking down food into molecules that are small enough to enter body cells List the end products of digestion. Monosaccharides, amino acids, glycerol and fatty acids What are the functions of the large and small intestines in the digestive tract? Large- absorb water and eliminate waste from body; small-absorb nutrients and minerals from food