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CARDIO-VASCULAR SYSTEM Movie • The cardiovascular system (circulatory system) is composed of your heart, blood vessels, and blood. Its major function is the transport of nutrients, oxygen, and cellular waste products throughout the body. We will look at each of the components in detail. What Does C-V System do? • Circulate blood throughout entire body for – Transport of oxygen to cells – Transport of CO2 away from cells – Transport of nutrients (glucose) to cells – Movement of immune system components (cells, antibodies) – Transport of endocrine gland secretions How does it do it? • Heart is pump • Arteries and veins are main tubes (plumbing) – Arteries Away from Heart – Veins to Heart Movie DID YOU KNOW… • The “thump-thump” of a heartbeat is the sound made by the four valves of the heart closing. • Cocaine affects the heart’s electrical activity and causes spasm of the arteries, which can lead to a heart attack or stroke, even in healthy people • A woman’s heart typically beats faster than a man’s. The heart of an average man beats approximately 70 times a minute, whereas the average woman has a heart rate of 78 per minute • Grab a tennis ball and squeeze it tightly: that’s how hard the beating heart works to pump blood • A kitchen faucet would need to be turned on all the way for at least 45 years to equal the amount of blood pumped by the heart in an average lifetime HEART The heart is composed of four chambers: • Right Atrium- Receives deoxygenated blood from the body and forces it into the right ventricle • Left Atrium- Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and forces it into the left ventricle. • Right Ventricle- Receives deoxygenated blood from the right atrium, and forces it into the pulmonary artery • Left Ventricle- Receives oxygenated blood from the left atrium and forces it into the aorta to be distributed throughout the body. BLOOD VESSELS Arteries- The vessels that carry blood away from the heart to the body. Arterial walls are muscular and elastic. Blood carried in the arteries is bright colored Arterioles- The smallest arteries Pulmonary Artery- The artery that carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs Aorta- The largest artery in the body. Carries blood from the heart to be distributed throughout the body. Artery/Vein differences Arteries (aa.) Direction Blood Away from of flow Heart Pressure Higher Veins (vv.) Blood to Heart Walls Lumen THICKER: Tunica media thicker than tunica externa Smaller THINNER: Tunica externa thicker than tunica media Larger Valves No valves Valves (see next) Lower BLOOD VESSELS • Veins- The vessels that carry blood from the capillaries on its return to the heart. Blood carried in the veins is usually darker in color. • Venules- The smallest veins • Pulmonary Vein- The vein that carries oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart. • Capillaries- the smallest of all blood vessels. Serve as connectors between arterioles and venuoles. Nutrients and oxygen are delivered to body cells through the capillaries. Cell waste products are picked up in the capillaries. BLOOD The blood is composed of four parts: • Plasma- The liquid component of blood. 95% of plasma is water. Plasma contains the blood cells. • Red Blood Cells- The most common type of blood cell. Red blood cells deliver oxygen to the body, and have a life span of approximately 100 days. • White Blood Cells- Fight infection and pathogens in the body. White blood cells can live from three months to five years. Heart Chambers and Valves Location of Heart in Thorax Another View Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is associated with thickening of the heart muscle. This leads to stiffening of the walls of the heart and abnormal aortic and mitral heart valve function, both of which may block normal blood flow out of the heart Macroscopic appearance of epicardial fat (layer of fat around heart) (A) Front view of a normal (210 g) heart. (B) Back view of a normal (210 g) heart. (C) Front view of a hypertrophic (900 g) heart. (D) Back view of a hypertrophic (900 g) heart. In the normal heart, the fat distribution is limited