Download Hear Disease

HEART DISEASE
# 1 killer in the United States
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
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Medical disorders that affect the heart
and blood vessels.
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Heart, blood, and arteries are parts of
the circulatory system.
When a problem affects one part, the
entire system is threatened.
Your lifestyle choices and health habits
you adopt now can directly influence
your future risk.
CVD accounts for 45% of all deaths
among people aged 45 years or over.
RISK FACTORS
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The result of blood vessels inability to carry oxygen and
nutrients to the heart which allow it to pump blood
effectively
Risk factors:
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Hypertension (<140/90; healthy = 120/80)
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Systolic: pressure on arteries when the heart beats.
Diastolic: pressure on arteries when the heart is not beating
Cholesterol (240+; healthy = <200)
Smoking
Age
Gender
Race
Family History
Obesity
Lifestyle
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(Activity level, secondhand smoke, stress, diet)
HYPERTENSION
Blood pressure is the force of blood against the walls of blood vessels as
blood flows through the circulatory system.
Known as the “silent killer”
 Risk Factors: obesity, alcohol use, inactivity, smoking, excessive salt intake.
 Prevention: no cure; controlled by life style changes- diet, losing excess
weight and exercise. Medication.
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GpuZHv60Fj8
CHOLESTEROL
ARTERY DISEASE
ATHEROSCLEROSIS
ARTERIOSCLEROSIS
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Hardening of the arteries
A condition in which the
walls of the arteries become
thick and loses their
elasticity.
Most common cause of
death in the U.S.
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Plaque obstructs blood flow
A slow, progressive condition of the
blood vessels
Arteries become narrowed due to
build-up of fat and cholesterol,
causing inflammation .
The deposits harden, causing
plaque
Plaque can break off and clog an
artery leading to heart attack or
stroke
Treatment includes lowering fat
intake and cholesterol levels,
losing weight
ANGINA
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Chest Pain
Pain and tightness in the chest caused
by the lack of oxygen to the heart.
Serves as an SOS- warns body the heart
is in distress.
Pain can last a few minutes
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Treatment
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change health behaviors
medications to dilate the blood vessels
sometimes surgery.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fBn9
munofVs
HEART ATTACK
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Part of the heart starves and dies
due to the supply artery becoming
completely blocked
End result of a long term disease
process
Can be fatal- immediate response
can be the difference
Distress may extend into one or
both arms, upper abdomen.
Risk Factors:
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High cholesterol, stress,
overeating, smoking, and
hypertension.
Treatment
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Angioplasty or bypass surgery
Exercise, eat well, medication
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v
=n8P3n6GKBSY
CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE
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A progressive weakening of the heart muscle that
reduces its ability to pump effectively
Atherosclerosis- biggest cause
When the heart cannot pump well, results in either poor
output- (blood cannot get to the vital organs- or the
blood backs up leading to excess fluid)
Medications can be prescribed to prevent episodes, but
it is important to watch fluid and salt intake, monitor
weight and seek help early.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GnpLm9fzYxU
STROKE
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Similar to a heart attack occurring in the brain
An interruption of the flow of blood to any part of
the brain.
Warning signs:
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Weakness/numbness of face, arm, leg on one side
of body
Loss of speech or trouble understanding people
Loss of vision or dimness in one eye
Dizziness or sudden falls
Causes:
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Blocking of the cerebral artery by a blood clotThrombus
Diseased artery in the brain can burst and flood
the brain tissue with blood- Cerebral Hemorrhage
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About 2/3 of stroke victims are over 65
Main risk factor is high blood pressure.
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SQq_1oSBei0
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SURGICAL PROCEDURES
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Heart Transplant- replacing damaged heart
with a heart from a person who recently
died.
Coronary Bypass Surgery- creates detours
around obstructed arteries so blood can
reach the heart.
Balloon Angioplasty- catheter is inflated in
site of blockage to push plaque against
artery wall to open a path.
Heart Valve Surgery- valve can be too tight
or big, surgery replaces defective valve with
an artificial one made of metal or plastic.
BE KNOWLEDGABLE ON
EMERGENCY CARE
CPR
Cardio-pulmonary
resuscitation
CALL 911
REDUCE YOUR RISK?
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Reduce/stop tobacco, alcohol and drug exposure
Decrease diabetes symptoms
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Reduce blood pressure
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Dietary modifications (more fruit/veg, reduced sodium/fat)
Increased physical activity
Improve cholesterol (lower total & LDL, raise HDL)
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Dietary modifications
Increased physical activity
Dietary modifications (less simple carbs & saturated/trans fats)
Increased physical activity
Stress Management/reduction
Physical Activity
Maintain a weight that is healthy for you
Doctor Visits