Download The RESPIRATORY System

The CIRCULATORY System
Unit 3
Transportation Systems
Medical Terminology
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Hemo- blood
rrhea- flow or discharge
Arterio- artery
Thrombo– clot
Brady– slow
-rrhagia – excessive flow
or discharge
• Cardio- heart
• RBC – red blood cell
• WBC – white blood cell
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Angio- vessel
-emia - blood condition
Tachy- fast
BP – blood pressure
P- pulse
CBC – complete blood
count
• CPR- cardiopulmonary
resuscitation
• EKG/ECG electrocardiogram
vocabulary
arrhythmia: An arrhythmia is a disorder of the heart rate
(pulse) or heart rhythm, such as beating too fast (tachycardia), too slow
(bradycardia), or irregularly
circulation: Movement in a circle or circuit, especially the
movement of blood through bodily vessels as a result of the heart's
pumping action.
murmur: An abnormal sound, usually emanating from the heart,
that sometimes indicates a diseased condition.
palpitation: Irregular, rapid beating or pulsation of the heart.
varicose veins: :An enlarged tortuous blood vessel that
occurs chiefly in the superficial veins and their tributaries in the lower
extremities. Also known as varicosity.
Functions of the Circulatory System
• Transports nutrients and waste.
– Arteries pick up nutrients and deliver the
nutrients to each body cell.
– Veins carry away waste products and
excess fluid of each body cell.
Functions of the Circulatory System
• Transports heat.
– Regulates heat by distributing heat
generated by muscles.
• Transports oxygen to body cells and
carbon dioxide away from body cells.
– Arteries carry oxygen to cells.
– Veins take carbon dioxide away from cells.
Functions of the Circulatory System
• Transports hormones through the blood
stream.
• Transports antibodies.
– help the body fight infection.
Structures of the Circulatory System
Heart
1. Hollow organ
2. Pumps blood throughout the body
3. Three layers:
a. pericardium
b. myocardium
c. endocardium
4. Four chambers
Top = Atria/um
Bottom = Ventricles
5. Four valves (valves prevent backflow!)
6. Arteries = AWAY from heart
7. Veins = BACK to heart
The 4 Chambers of the Heart
Right Atrium
Left Atrium
Receives unoxygenated
blood from veins;
pumps to right ventricle.
Receives oxygenated
blood from lungs;
pumps to left ventricle.
Right Ventricle
Left Ventricle
Receives blood from right
atrium and Pumps blood to
the lungs
(pulmonary circulation)
Pumps blood through the
aorta to the body (Systemic
Circulation)
Valves of the Heart
• Atrioventricular Valve (AV Valve)
between the Atrium and the ventricle,
also known as the tricuspid and mitral
valves.
• Semi-Lunar Valve
between ventricle and artery leaving
the heart, also known as the pulmonary
and aortic valves.
Blood flow through the Heart
• Superior & Inferior
Vena Cava
• Right Atrium
• Tricuspid Valve
• Right Ventricle
• Pulmonary
Semilunar Valve
• Pulmonary Arteries
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Lungs
Pulmonary Veins
Left Atrium
Bicuspid (Mitral)
Valve
• Left Ventricle
• Aortic Semilunar
Valve
• Aorta
Blood Vessels
• Closed system for flow of blood
• Types of Blood Vessels:
– A. Arteries (smooth muscle), b. Arterioles,
c. Capillaries (smallest), d. Venules, and
e. Veins (valves)
Vein
Artery
Valve
Arterioles
Venules
Capillarybed
Blood
1. Provides vital transportation for the
body
2. Four components
– Red blood cells (erythrocytes)
Bind to hemoglobin
– White blood cells (leukocytes)
Immune system
– Platelets (thrombocytes)
Clotting elements
– Plasma (liquid)
Blood
• Provides vital transportation for the
body
• Four components
– Red blood cells (erythrocytes)
– White blood cells (leukocytes)
– Platelets (thrombocytes)
– Plasma
Types of Blood Cells
Diseases and Disorders
Circulatory
System
Anemia
• Blood disorder where capacity of the
blood to transport oxygen is
decreased
• Usually red blood cell count is
diminished
• Causes:
– Internal bleeding, mineral deficiencies,
decreased RBC production, increase in
RBC destruction by spleen
• Symptoms:
– Fatigue, chest pain, skin pallor,
increased heart rate, difficulty breathing
Heart Attack
(myocardial infarction)
• Coronary artery or a branch of the coronary
artery is blocked
• Symptoms:
– Chest pain
– Crushing pressure behind the breastbone and
chest pain radiating to the neck, jaw, abdomen,
shoulder or left arm
– Nausea
– Vomiting
– Difficulty breathing
– Anxiety or fear
What is a Heart Attack?
High Blood Pressure
(hypertension)
• Can contribute to coronary artery disease,
strokes, kidney failure, and sudden rupture of the
aorta
• Sustained systolic blood pressure of over 140 or a
sustained diastolic blood pressure of over 90 is
considered hypertension
• Usually there are no symptoms other than a mild
headache
Atherosclerosis
• Build-up of fatty deposits on the inner
walls of arteries
• Restricts the flow of blood
• Fats and other particles combine to form
plaque
• Calcium can be deposited by plaque and
cause the area to harden
Careers
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Emergency Medical Technician
Surgical Technician
Cardiologist
Phlebotomist
Electrocardiogram (ECG) Technician
Emergency Medical Technician
The EMT-Intermediate (EMT-2 and EMT-3) has more
advanced training that allows the administration of
intravenous fluids, the use of manual defibrillators to
give lifesaving shocks to a stopped heart, and the
application of advanced airway techniques and
equipment to assist patients experiencing respiratory
emergencies.
• Training ranges from 6-12 months
• Salary ranges from less than
• 30,000/yr
Surgical Technician
• Before surgery - help prepare the operating room by
setting up surgical instruments and equipment,
sterile drapes, and sterile solutions. During surgery technologists pass instruments and other sterile
supplies to surgeons and surgeon assistants
• Training ranges from 6-12 months
• Salary ranges from
• $40,000/ year
Cardiologist
• Cardiology is the study of cardiovascular illness, the
care of all things related to the heart. It is a
specialization amongst physicians. Cardiology also
includes arteries and it used to diagnose and treat
conditions like blockages. Cardiologists should not
be confused with cardiac surgeons.
• Training is usually 10-12 years
• Salary is more than $100,000/year
Phlebotomist
• A phlebotomist is someone who is trained to collect
blood sample in a clinical environment. They usually
work under the supervision of the Medical
Laboratory Scientist. After the phlebotomist collects
the blood, they process and analyze the specimen
with sophisticated laboratory equipment.
• Training is about 6 months
• Salary is usually less than $30,000/yr
Electrocardiogram (ECG) Technician
Perform a noninvasive procedure using ultrasound
instrumentation to record vascular information such as
vascular blood flow, blood pressure, changes in limb
volume, oxygen saturation, cerebral circulation,
peripheral circulation, and abdominal circulation. Many
of these tests are performed during or immediately after
surgery.
• Training is about 2 years
• Salary ranges from $40,000/Yr