Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Electrocardiography wikipedia , lookup
Coronary artery disease wikipedia , lookup
Lutembacher's syndrome wikipedia , lookup
Jatene procedure wikipedia , lookup
Cardiac surgery wikipedia , lookup
Myocardial infarction wikipedia , lookup
Heart arrhythmia wikipedia , lookup
Dextro-Transposition of the great arteries wikipedia , lookup
The Heart Chapter 21 Human Anatomy, 3rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001 Introduction – Cardiovascular system – distributes blood • Pump (heart) • Distribution areas (capillaries) – Heart has 4 compartments • 2 receive blood (atria) • 2 pump blood out (ventricles) • Vessels – Veins return blood to the heart – Arteries take blood away from the heart Human Anatomy, 3rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001 An Overview of the Circulatory System Human Anatomy, 3rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001 Superficial Anatomy of the Heart – Atria = “entrance ways” • Thin-walled • Upper chambers – Ventricles = “hollow spaces” • Thick, muscular – Apex points down & tips slightly to the left – Base is superior • Great vessels attach Human Anatomy, 3rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001 Orientation & Superficial Anatomy Human Anatomy, 3rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001 Anterior View of the Heart Human Anatomy, 3rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001 Anterior View of the Heart Human Anatomy, 3rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001 Posterior View of the Heart Human Anatomy, 3rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001 Posterior View of the Heart Human Anatomy, 3rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001 The Coverings of the Heart – Pericardium = “around the heart” • Visceral pericardium = epicardium • Parietal pericardium • Pericardial space contains pericardial fluid Human Anatomy, 3rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001 Pericardium Human Anatomy, 3rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001 Internal Anatomy of the Heart – Chambers of the heart • Right & left atrium – Separated by the interatrial septum • Right & left ventricle – Separated by the interventricular septum Human Anatomy, 3rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001 Structure of the Heart Wall – 3 layers • Epicardium = “upon the heart” • Myocardium is the middle layer – – – – Thickest layer Cardiac muscle Has papillary muscles Chordae tendinae attach flaps of the AV valves to the papillary muscles • Endocardium = “inside the heart” Human Anatomy, 3rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001 Organization of Muscle Tissue Human Anatomy, 3rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001 Structure of the Heart Wall Human Anatomy, 3rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001 The Great Vessels – Superior & inferior vena cava • Return blood from body to right atrium – Coronary Sinus • Returns blood from heart wall to right atrium – Pulmonary artery • Takes blood (deoxygenated) from right ventricle to lungs – Pulmonary veins • Returns blood (oxygenated) from lungs to left atrium – Aorta • Takes blood from left ventricle to body Human Anatomy, 3rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001 Valves of the Heart – Atrioventricular (AV) valves separate the atria from the ventricles • Tricuspid valve – right • Bicuspid valve (mitral) – left – Semilunar valves separate the ventricles from the great vessels • Pulmonary semilunar valve • Aortic semilunar valve – Heart sounds Human Anatomy, 3rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001 Valves of the Heart (Ventricular Diastole) Human Anatomy, 3rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001 Valves of the Heart (Ventricular Systole) Human Anatomy, 3rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001 Heart Sounds Human Anatomy, 3rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001 Coronary Circulation Vessels that supply the myocardium itself Right coronary artery Left coronary artery Cardiac veins Human Anatomy, 3rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001 Coronary Circulation Human Anatomy, 3rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001 Cast of Coronary Vessels Human Anatomy, 3rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001 The Cardiac Cycle – The contraction pattern of the myocardium • Determined by the conduction system – – – – – Systole = contraction Diastole = relaxation Both atria contract at the same time Both ventricles contract at the same time Atria alternate with ventricles Human Anatomy, 3rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001 The Cardiac Cycle Human Anatomy, 3rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001 Conduction System of the Heart – The average heart rate is 72 beats/min. – Depolarization stimulates contraction – Depolarization begins in the sinoatrial (SA) node • Pacemaker – Depolarization spreads through atria • Atria contract – Atrioventricular (AV node) depolarizes – Depolarization travels down the AV bundle (bundle of His) – Depolarization spreads up the ventricular walls via Purkinje fibers. • Ventricles contract Human Anatomy, 3rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001 Conducting System of the Heart Human Anatomy, 3rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001 Conducting System of the Heart Human Anatomy, 3rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001 Conduction System of the Heart Human Anatomy, 3rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001 Conducting System of the Heart Human Anatomy, 3rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001 Conducting System of the Heart Human Anatomy, 3rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001 Conducting System of the Heart Human Anatomy, 3rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001 Electrocardiogram – ECG = a recording of electrical events in the heart • P wave = atrial depolarization • QRS wave = ventricular depolarization • T wave = ventricular repolarization Human Anatomy, 3rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001 Electrocardiogram Human Anatomy, 3rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001 Electrocardiogram Human Anatomy, 3rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001 Disorders – Abnormal heart rates • Bradycardia • Tachycardia • Fibrillation – Angina pectoris – Myocardial infarction Human Anatomy, 3rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001