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Complex Heart Defects Tricuspid Atresia Hypoplastic Left Heart Single Ventricle Overview of Fetal Circulation RIGHT ATRIUM LEFT ATRIUM via the Foramen Ovale. AORTA http://www.packardchildrenshospital.org/health/hrnewborn/pda.htm BODY RIGHT ATRIUM RIGHT VENTRICLE PULMONARY ARTERY AORTA via Ductus Arteriosus http://www.packardchildrenshospital.org/health/hrnewborn/pda.htm General Warning Signs Cyanosis Low blood Pressure difficulty breathing feeding problems poor weight gain pinkish color Tricuspid Atresia NO TRICUSPID VALVE FORMED = No flow from right atrium to right ventricle http://www.rch.unimelb.edu.au/cardiology/website/Library/ Tricuspid_Atresia/tricuspid_atresia.html The Problem Blood does not enter right atrium easily so blood flow to lungs is not as effective. Variations Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD): a hole between the left and right atriums helps. NO VSD Ductus Arteriosus has NOT Closed yet. Left Ventricle Aorta Pulmonary Artery Body Detection of Tricuspid Atresia CYANOSIS LOW SATURATION Variations of Tricuspid Atresia TRANSPOSITION Hypoplastic Left Heart Poorly formed Left Side of Heart. One of the most severe heart defects. Left Atrium Right Atrium Right Ventricle Pulmonary Artery Lungs Aorta (via Ductus Arteriosus) Body If untreated… survival is impossible Closed Ductus Arteriosus = Death Warning Signs Pale Colored Rapid Breathing Difficulty Breathing Difficulty Feeding Single Ventricle No ventricular septum Type of Single Ventricle Defect: Balanced Circulation When pulmonary artery has a small obstruction: a little narrowed. Blood flow to the aorta and pulmonary artery are equal. Warning Signs Equal Saturation Levels in Aorta and Pulmonary Artery CYANOSIS Obstructed Pulmonary Artery Thickened Pulmonary Valve, other obstruction Single Ventricle BODY LUNGS RA LA MEANS: More blood to AORTA/BODY. WARNING SIGNS CYANOSIS Normal Pulmonary Artery Single Ventricle BODY LUNGS RA LA MUCH MORE BLOOD FLOWS TO LUNGS EISENMEYER REACTION: Blood vessel’s reaction to increased blood flow. Normal Blood Vessel Narrowed Blood Vessel Blocked Blood Vessel Warning Signs This is much harder to detect Pinkish color Normal Coloring CYANOSIS 32,000 babies are born each year with heart defects Why? No one knows for sure heredity viral infections during pregnancy drugs alcohol Down’s syndrome