Download The Cardiovascular System

The Cardiovascular
System
By: Alexis Jimenez and Bricia Zuniga
Period 5
The Human Heart
What is the function of the
Cardiovascular System?
● Transportation of nutrients,
oxygen and hormones to cells
throughout the body and the
removal of metabolic wastes
Introduction
A normal heart has…
● 4 chambers:
o 2 upper, called atriums
o 2 lower, called ventricles
● 4 valves:
o Mitral, tricuspid, aortic and
pulmonary
● The septum separates the right
and left sides of the heart
Introduction, cont.
Coverings of the heart
● The Pericardium
● The Parietal Pericardium
o Fibrous Layer
o Serous Layer
● The Visceral Pericardium
o Also called Epicardium
o Myocardium
o Endocardium
Introduction, cont.
3 Different Types of Blood Vessels
● Arteries:
o 3 Layers
o Deliver blood to capillaries
● Capillaries:
o Thin and fragile
● Veins:
o 3 Layers
o Receive blood from capillaries
Blood Path
1. Superior Vena Cava
2. Inferior Vena Cava
3. Right Atrium
10. Mitral Valve
11. Left Ventricle
9. Left Atrium
8. Pulmonary Veins
4. Tricuspid Valve
7. Pulmonary Artery
5. Right Ventricle
6. Pulmonary Valve
12. Aortic Valve
Blood Path, cont.
Blood Pressure
● Filtration
o Glomerular Filtration
o What is the Glomerular
Filtration Rate? (GFR)
o What affects the GFR?
 Hydrostatic pressure
 Oncotic pressure
Blood Pressure, cont.
● Systole vs. Diastole
o Systolic: occurs near
beginning of cardiac cycle
o Diastolic: occurs near end
of cardiac cycle
o How do they function together?
 Both numbers provide the blood pressure
 Ex: 110 over 17 (written 110/17)
 110 is systolic, 17 diastolic
Blood Pressure, cont.
● Pressure vs. Distance
o pressure- distance
o Distance- how far blood
circulates throughout the body
● Plasma and proteins
o Blood volume
o Blood pressure homeostasis
Blood Pressure, cont.
● Cardiac output: the measure of
the amount of blood that is
pumped out of the heart in 1
minute
o 1 factor of how a person’s blood pressure is
determined
Heartbeat and Sounds
● How are sounds generated?
○ Noises are generated by the beating heart and the
resultant flow of blood through it
● How is sound created?
o Produced by the closing of the AV valves and
semilunar valves
o 2 sounds:
 S1
 S2
Heartbeat and Sounds, cont.
Conduction
● Tissues:
o Endocardium
o Myocardium
o Epicardium
● Cells:
o Epithelial cells
Conduction, cont.
● The bundle of His: muscle
fibers that conduct the
electrical impulses that
regulate heartbeat
o Atrioventricular bundle
● Bundle branches: connected to bundle of His and lead
to lower ventricles
● Purkinje fibers: conduct impulses through the heart
o Located in beneath the tissues that line serous
cavity
Conduction, cont.
● Action Potential
● Non-pacemaker Action Potentials
○ “fast response”
○ Rapid depolarization
○ Found throughout the heart except for the
pacemaker cells
● Pacemaker Cells
○ "slow response"
○ Slower rate of depolarization
○ Found in the sinoatrial (SA) and atrioventricular (AV)
nodes of the heart
Conduction, cont.
● SA Node: known as the heart’s “pacemaker”
o Fires at regular intervals causing the heart to beat
o Sinoatrial node
● AV Node:
o The electrical “relay
station” between
atria and ventricles
o Atrioventricular node
Conduction, cont.
● Regulation
○ SA Nod
○ AV Nod
○ Autonomic Nervous System
■ sympathetic nervous
system: speeds up heart
■ parasympathetic nervous system: slows down
Works Cited
● http://www.mayoclinic.org/chambers-and-valves-of-the-heart/img20007497
● http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/what-is-the-glomerularfiltration-rate-definition-function-terms.html
● http://www.diffen.com/difference/Diastolic_vs_Systolic
● http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3784303
● http://health.howstuffworks.com/human-body/systems/circulatory/whatmakes-your-heart-beat.htm