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UNIT 1 - Information The Function of the Cardiovascular System in Facilitating and Improving Movement HEART BLOOD BLOOD VESSEL Cardiovascular System Information/Discussion FUNCTIONS Practical Application Links Diagram/Table Activity • Supply and transportation of O2 and other nutrients to the body for muscular contraction • Removal of waste: CO2 and lactic acid • Stabilisation of body temperature – at rest and during exercise • Protection from disease Revision SECTION B GCSE Physical Education MAIN MENU UNIT 1 - Information The Function of the Cardiovascular System in Facilitating and Improving Movement Structure of the Heart Delivers Carbon Dioxide • The HEART is a CARDIAC MUSCLE Information/Discussion Capillaries in the lungs Collects Oxygen Pulmonary Vein Pulmonary Artery • The heart acts as a PUMP in a DOUBLE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Practical Application R L Blood low in oxygen (deoxygenated) Links Blood rich in oxygen (oxygenated) Diagram/Table Capillaries in the body Activity Collects Carbon Dioxide and waste Show blood circulation Aorta Delivers Oxygen and food Revision SECTION B GCSE Physical Education MAIN MENU UNIT 1 - Information The Function of the Cardiovascular System in Facilitating and Improving Movement R L Information/Discussion Practical Application Links Diagram/Table Activity SYSTEMIC CIRCUIT PULMONARY CIRCUIT Transports oxygenated blood around the body (including working muscles) and transports deoxygenated blood back to the heart. Transports deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs where carbon dioxide (CO2) is exchanged for Oxygen (O2), before it returns to the heart. (Click here) (Click here) Revision SECTION B GCSE Physical Education MAIN MENU UNIT 1 - Information The Function of the Cardiovascular System in Facilitating and Improving Movement • The RIGH HAND SIDE of the heart pumps DEOXYGENATED BLOOD returning from the body: – Deoxygenated blood flows through the VENA CAVA RIGHT ATRIUM RIGHT VENTRICLE PULMONARY ARTERY to the LUNGS for oxygenation Information/Discussion Pulmonary artery Deoxygenated blood to the lungs Deoxygenated blood from the body Practical Application Vena cava Links Right atrium Tricuspid valve Diagram/Table Activity Right ventricle Show path of deoxygenated blood Revision SECTION B GCSE Physical Education MAIN MENU UNIT 1 - Information The Function of the Cardiovascular System in Facilitating and Improving Movement • The LEFT HAND SIDE of the heart pumps OXYGENATED BLOOD returning from the lungs: – Oxygenated blood through the PULMONARY VEIN LEFT ATRIUM LEFT VENTRICLE AORTA to body. Information/Discussion Aorta Oxygenated blood to the body Oxygenated blood from the lungs Practical Application Pulmonary vein Links Right atrium Diagram/Table Bicuspid valve Right ventricle Activity Show path of oxygenated blood Revision SECTION B GCSE Physical Education MAIN MENU UNIT 1 - Information The Function of the Cardiovascular System in Facilitating and Improving Movement HEART RATE (HR) ‘The number of times the heart beats in one minute.’ Information/Discussion At rest it beats between 50 and 80 times per minute. When more blood is required by the muscles during exercise, the heart rate can increase to over 200 beats per minute, pumping around 45 litres around the body. Heart rate varies according to age, fitness and health. Practical Application STROKE VOLUME (SV) Links ‘The amount of blood forced out of the heart (left ventricle) per beat.’ Diagram/Table Activity Revision SECTION B GCSE Physical Education MAIN MENU UNIT 1 - Information The Function of the Cardiovascular System in Facilitating and Improving Movement CARDIAC OUTPUT (CO) ‘The amount of blood pumped out of the heart (left ventricle) in one minute.’ Information/Discussion Cardiac output varies depending on the intensity of the exercise and the fitness levels of the person. Practical Application Cardiac Output Q = Heart Rate × Stroke Volume Links CO = HR × SV Diagram/Table Activity Revision SECTION B GCSE Physical Education MAIN MENU UNIT 1 - Information The Function of the Cardiovascular System in Facilitating and Improving Movement COMPOSITION OF BLOOD • The human body contains nearly 5 litres of blood • Blood is made up of 4 elements: Information/Discussion Red Blood Cells Most important function is to transport O2 (oxygen) to muscle cells to allow energy release and movement. Practical Application White Blood Cells Their chief function is to protect the body against disease. Links Platelets These bind together to form clots which prevent bleeding. Diagram/Table Plasma Activity Makes up 55% of the total blood volume, 92% of which is water. It contains dissolved food and takes away waste – CO2. Proteins and amino acids are transported to cells in the body and used for growth and repair. Revision SECTION B GCSE Physical Education MAIN MENU UNIT 1 - Information The Function of the Cardiovascular System in Facilitating and Improving Movement BLOOD VESSELS • Blood is transported from the heart around the body and back to the heart in blood vessels. When blood leaves the heart – • There are 3 types of blood vessels. Information/Discussion Practical Application These branch off into ARTERIOLES – Oxygen diffuses from blood into smaller, but more numerous tissues through thin capillary walls. Carbon dioxide diffuses out of the tissues into the blood Deoxygenated When it reaches the muscles, blood passes into Oxygenated blood CAPILLARIES – even smaller, but more numerous. blood At the capillaries, the blood gives up its oxygen and takes in carbon dioxide Links Diagram/Table passes into ARTERIES Artery Vein Arterioles Venules The blood starts its journey BACK to the heart in small, narrow veins called VENULES Capillaries The blood then passes into larger VEINS before returning to the heart Activity Revision SECTION B GCSE Physical Education MAIN MENU UNIT 1 - Information The Function of the Cardiovascular System in Facilitating and Improving Movement BLOOD PRESSURE • The force of blood against the artery walls. Information/Discussion Practical Application Links Diagram/Table • With exercise, the heart has to work to supply more O2 to muscles. As a result, the force of blood leaving the heart increases and blood pressure increases. • Blood pressure is easily measured by taking the pressure at an artery in the arm. • SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is the pressure of blood flow on the arteries when the LEFT VENTRICLE CONTRACTS. • DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is the pressure of blood flow on the arteries when the LEFT VENTRICLE RELAXES. Activity Revision SECTION B GCSE Physical Education MAIN MENU UNIT 1 - Information The Function of the Cardiovascular System in Facilitating and Improving Movement BLOOD PRESSURE • The average blood pressure reading for a young adult is 120/80. • Factors which can affect blood pressure: – Information/Discussion Practical Application AGE, SEX, EXERCISE INTENSITY, STRESS, CIRCULATORY SYSTEM, FITNESS • Ways in which blood pressure can be reduced: – REGULAR EXERCISE, SENSIBLE DIET, AVOID STRESS, MEDICATION Links Diagram/Table Activity • The blood flow and blood distribution change according to the demand of exercising. The working parts of the body need to be supplied with the necessary amounts of O2 The re-distribution of blood is called the VASCULAR SHUNT Revision SECTION B GCSE Physical Education MAIN MENU UNIT 1 - Information The Function of the Cardiovascular System in Facilitating and Improving Movement BLOOD PRESSURE • Blood flow to the muscles and the skin will increase during exercise. Blood flow to the kidneys and digestive system will decrease during exercise. Information/Discussion Practical Application Links Diagram/Table Activity • The heat produced by the body increases as the INTENSITY and DURATION of exercise increases. • To control high body temperature, blood is diverted to the capillaries just below the skin – this causes the skin to redden and heat from the blood is then RADIATED from the skin. This widening of the capillaries is called VASODILATION. • To control low body temperature, the capillaries VASO CONSTRICT – become narrower, therefore reducing heat loss by radiation. Muscles begin to ‘shiver’ – small contractions which provide ‘heat’. Revision SECTION B GCSE Physical Education MAIN MENU UNIT 1 - Information The Function of the Cardiovascular System in Facilitating and Improving Movement BLOOD PRESSURE • Another way of combating overheating is by SWEATING. Sweat is formed in sweat glands under the skin. Sweating is caused by the EVAPORATION of sweat from the skin’s surface. Information/Discussion Practical Application Links Diagram/Table Activity Revision SECTION B GCSE Physical Education MAIN MENU UNIT 1 – Practical Application The Function of the Cardiovascular System in Facilitating and Improving Movement Group Discussion Heart / Blood / Blood Vessels FUNCTIONS Information/Discussion Mapping exercise Practical Application Double Loop System – Transportation of Blood (Blood Pathway) Links Discussion Diagram/Table ‘As a result of regular Aerobic Training, the heart gets bigger (HYPERTROPHY). How does this effect : Stroke volume, Heart rate, Blood flow Cardiac output Activity Revision SECTION B GCSE Physical Education MAIN MENU UNIT 1 – Practical Application The Function of the Cardiovascular System in Facilitating and Improving Movement Group Discussion Heart rate 1) At rest, 2) after exercise, 3) Recovery rate (2mins/15mins) Information/Discussion Discussion Practical Application ‘How would heart rate differ between a short period of anaerobic work and a longer period of aerobic work?’ Links Diagram/Table Activity Revision SECTION B GCSE Physical Education MAIN MENU UNIT 1 – Practical Application The Function of the Cardiovascular System in Facilitating and Improving Movement • Use the following 2 diagrams to relate heart rate to physical activity: Information/Discussion 1) The graph below shows the heart rate of two sixteen year old athletes when training at the same intensity. Explain why athlete B is the fittest athlete. 180 Athlete A Practical Application Athlete B 120 Links Heart Rate (beats per minute) 90 Diagram/Table 60 Activity 0 10 20 Time (minutes) 30 Revision SECTION B GCSE Physical Education MAIN MENU UNIT 1 – Practical Application The Function of the Cardiovascular System in Facilitating and Improving Movement 2) The graph below shows the heart rate of an eighteen year old badminton player during a game. Heart Rate (beats per minute) 250 Information/Discussion 200 Practical Application 150 100 Links 50 Diagram/Table 5 0 Activity (i) 10 15 20 Time (minutes) Give two pieces of evidence to suggest that this player is a fit competitor. Revision SECTION B GCSE Physical Education MAIN MENU UNIT 1 – Practical Application The Function of the Cardiovascular System in Facilitating and Improving Movement Heart Rate (beats per minute) 250 200 Information/Discussion 150 100 Practical Application 50 Links 5 0 Diagram/Table (ii) Activity (iii) 10 15 20 Time (minutes) During the game the player’s heart rate reaches 220 beats per minute (BPM). Calculate the player’s maximum heart rate (MHR) during the game. What evidence is there to suggest that this player worked both aerobically and anaerobically during the game? Revision SECTION B GCSE Physical Education MAIN MENU UNIT 1 - Links The Function of the Cardiovascular System in Facilitating and Improving Movement Information/Discussion Practical Application Links Diagram/Table • • • • • • • • • Skeletal System Respiratory System Aerobic / Anaerobic Systems Muscular System Energy Continuum Training Zones Intensity / Duration of Exercise Short-term effects of exercise on the systems of the body Long-term effects of exercise on the systems of the body Activity Revision SECTION B GCSE Physical Education MAIN MENU UNIT 1 - Activity The Function of the Cardiovascular System in Facilitating and Improving Movement 1. Match the parts of the heart and connecting blood vessels to their function. [Click here to see diagram] Function Information/Discussion Practical Application Name of Part Transports deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs Left ventricle Brings back oxygenated blood from lungs to left atrium Tricuspid valve Receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary vein Pulmonary vein A two-flapped valve separating the left atrium from the left ventricle Aorta The biggest chamber of the heart, which pumps oxygenated blood around the body Links Diagram/Table Activity Main artery which takes oxygenated blood from heart to the rest of the body Superior vena cava Left atrium The main vein which brings deoxygenated blood back to heart from lower body Right atrium The main vein which brings deoxygenated blood back to heart from upper body Inferior vena cava The chamber where deoxygenated blood enters the heart Bicuspid valve The three-flapped valve separating the right atrium from the right ventricle Right ventricle The chamber which pumps deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs Pulmonary artery Revision SECTION B GCSE Physical Education MAIN MENU UNIT 1 - Activity The Function of the Cardiovascular System in Facilitating and Improving Movement Deoxygenated blood to the lungs Pulmonary artery Aorta Deoxygenated blood from the body Information/Discussion Oxygenated blood to the body Oxygenated blood from the lungs Pulmonary vein Vena cava Left atrium Practical Application Right atrium Diagram/Table Bicuspid valve Tricuspid valve Links Left ventricle Right ventricle Activity SHOW/HIDE LABELS Back SHOW/HIDE ARROWS Revision SECTION B GCSE Physical Education MAIN MENU UNIT 1 - Activity The Function of the Cardiovascular System in Facilitating and Improving Movement Information/Discussion Practical Application Links 2. Explain the relationship between cardiac output (Q) and exercise intensity. 3. Explain how the heart’s structure is adapted to its function. 4. What is blood pressure? 5. What is systolic pressure? 6. What is diastolic pressure? 7. What is the normal blood pressure reading for a young person? 8. Give five factors that can affect blood pressure. Diagram/Table Activity Revision SECTION B GCSE Physical Education MAIN MENU UNIT 1 - Activity The Function of the Cardiovascular System in Facilitating and Improving Movement Information/Discussion 9. Why can narrowing or blocking of blood vessels be dangerous? 10. Give five ways blood pressure can be reduced. 11. Define the following terms: a) Heart rate (HR) b) Stroke volume (SV) c) Cardiac output (Q) 12. What simple equation relates these three values? 13. Give two differences between cardiac and skeletal muscle. Practical Application Links Diagram/Table Activity Revision SECTION B GCSE Physical Education MAIN MENU UNIT 1 - Activity The Function of the Cardiovascular System in Facilitating and Improving Movement Complete the following description of the blood’s journey from the heart around the body and back to the heart by dragging the correct word from the list below: 14. Information/Discussion Practical Application Links Diagram/Table Activity Blood is transported from the heart around the __________ and back to the heart in ______________________. There are ___________ types of blood vessel. These branch off into ________________. These are smaller but are more numerous. When it gets to the muscles, blood passes into the ___________. These are even smaller, but there are millions of them. At the capillaries, the blood gives up its _______________ and takes in _______________. The blood starts its journey back to the heart in small veins called ________________. The blood then passes into larger _______________ before returning to the heart. venules capillaries arteries blood vessels body oxygen arterioles veins carbon dioxide three Revision SECTION B GCSE Physical Education MAIN MENU UNIT 1 - Activity The Function of the Cardiovascular System in Facilitating and Improving Movement Information/Discussion 15. Explain four ways in which blood helps the body during exercise. 16. Complete the table to show how the constituents (parts) of blood help us when doing sport. CONSTITUENT HELPS US WHEN DOING SPORT BY… Red blood cells Practical Application Plasma Links White blood cells Platelets Diagram/Table Activity Carrying fuel, in the from of food, to the working muscles and takes away waste such as CO2 17. The path that the blood takes can be described as a double loop. What is each loop called? Revision SECTION B GCSE Physical Education MAIN MENU UNIT 1 - Activity The Function of the Cardiovascular System in Facilitating and Improving Movement 18. How would a 1500m runner benefit from higher levels of red blood cells? 19. Complete the following table: Types of blood vessel Information/Discussion 1. Practical Application Links Description and function Carry oxygenated blood at high pressure from heart to the body. These are the thickest blood vessels. They swell as the blood is forced through then recoil back to normal. You can feel your pulse in them. 2. Capillaries Diagram/Table 3. Activity Revision SECTION B GCSE Physical Education MAIN MENU UNIT 1 - Activity The Function of the Cardiovascular System in Facilitating and Improving Movement X on the graph shows how a sports person’s heart rate responds to a 10 minute run at 12kmph and how it recovers. 20. Y shows the heart rate response to the same run after a period of regular endurance training. Explain the reasons for the changed heart rate pattern. Information/Discussion BPM 180 170 Practical Application 160 150 140 Links 130 120 110 Diagram/Table 100 90 80 X Y Activity 70 TIME 0 mins 10 mins 20 mins Revision SECTION B GCSE Physical Education MAIN MENU UNIT 1 - Activity The Function of the Cardiovascular System in Facilitating and Improving Movement 21. Answer the following: a) How does regular aerobic training affect stroke volume? b) How does this affect a person’s heart rate and cardiac output when running at a medium pace for 5 minutes? Information/Discussion Practical Application Links Diagram/Table Activity Revision SECTION B GCSE Physical Education MAIN MENU UNIT 1 – Key Facts/ Glossary The Function of the Cardiovascular System in Facilitating and Improving Movement Healthy Lifestyles Blood Information/Discussion • Double circuit • Blood flow Systemic HEART Blood Vessels FUNCTIONS Pulmonary Practical Application • Cooling of body • Cardiac Output (CO) Links • Composition of blood Vasodilatation Diagram/Table • Arteries / Veins / Capillaries (Sweating) Vasoconstriction (Low body temperature control) • Gaseous Exchange Activity • Blood Pressure (BP) Revision SECTION B GCSE Physical Education MAIN MENU