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Business
Communication
Chapter 5
Mechanics of Writing
Copyright 2010 South-Western Cengage Learning
Chapter 5.1 External Marks and the Comma
 SWBAT:
 Use external punctuation marks correctly
in sentences
 Use commas correctly in sentences
 Essential Question – what is the
importance of proper use of periods and
commas?
2
Punctuation
 Helps readers interpret
your ideas and questions
 Shows where one thought
ends and the next begins
© Stockbyte / Getty Images
Punctuation clarifies and adds
emphasis to your writing.
5.1 External Marks and the Comma
3
The Period
 Period- a punctuation mark used to signal the end of
a sentence or an abbreviation
 At the end of sentences
 With abbreviations
 In lists – the period is only placed after the letter or
number…example:
1. Take car to the shop
2. Pick up dry cleaning
3. Take dog to vet
5.1 External Marks and the Comma
4
The Question Mark
 Question mark- a punctuation mark used after a
direct question and after each part in a series of
questions
 After direct questions
 In a series
5.1 External Marks and the Comma
5
The Exclamation Point
 Exclamation point- a punctuation mark that shows
strong emotion
 May follow a word, a group of words, or a sentence
 Should be used sparingly in business documents
5.1 External Marks and the Comma
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The Comma
 Comma- an internal punctuation mark used to
separate items in a sentence
 With introductory elements
 In compound sentences
 With interrupting elements
 Nonrestrictive- a phrase or clause that gives
information that is not essential to the meaning of the
sentence
 Restrictive elements- a phrase or clause that gives
information that is essential to the meaning of a
sentence
 Appositives- a noun or phrase that renames and refers
to a preceding noun
7
The Comma
 Direct address- speaking directly to someone, usually
calling the person by name
 In a series
 Between adjectives
 With omission of words
 In numbers and dates
 With abbreviations
5.1 External Marks and the Comma
8
5.2 Other Internal Marks
 SWBAT:
 Use internal punctuation marks correctly in
sentences
 Use internal punctuation marks correctly in
letters, dates, numbers and time.
 Essential Question: What is the importance of
using punctuation marks correctly in sentences?
9
The Semicolon
 Semicolon- a punctuation mark used to denote a
pause
 They are stronger than commas but weaker than
periods.
 Between clauses
 In a series or list
5.2 Other Internal Marks
10
The Colon
 Colon- a punctuation mark that directs the reader’s
attention to the material that follows it
 Before a series or list
 Before a long quotation
 Between independent clauses
 After a salutation
 In expressions of time
5.2 Other Internal Marks
11
The Dash
 Dash- a punctuation mark used to show a sudden
change of thought
 With a sudden change of thought
 For emphasis
5.2 Other Internal Marks
12
The Hyphen
 Hyphen- a punctuation mark used after some prefixes
and in forming some compound words
 After prefixes
 In compound words
5.2 Other Internal Marks
13
Quotation Marks
 Quotation marks- indicate a direct quotation, a
definition, nonstandard English, or a title.
 Punctuation marks that set off words from the other text
 With quotations
 With definitions and nonstandard English
 With titles
 With other punctuation marks
5.2 Other Internal Marks
14
Parentheses
 Parentheses- punctuation marks that set off
nonessential words, phrases, or clauses
 With nonessential elements
 With numbers and abbreviations
 With references and directions
 With a list
5.2 Other Internal Marks
15
The Apostrophe
 Apostrophe- a punctuation mark used to indicate the
omission of characters or possession
 In contractions
 In possessive words
 In plurals
5.2 Other Internal Marks
16
5.3 Abbreviations, Capitalization, and
Number Expression
 SWBAT:
 Use abbreviations correctly in documents
 Use correct capitalization in documents
 Express numbers correctly in sentences and
other formats
 Essential Question – Why is it important to use
abbreviations, capitalization and numbers
correctly in business documents?
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Abbreviations
 Abbreviation- a shortened form of a word or a group
of words
 Titles and degrees
 Addresses
 Companies, organizations, and departments
 Expressions of time
 Miscellaneous abbreviations
5.3 Abbreviations, Capitalization, and Number Expression
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Capitalization
 Capitalization- using uppercase letters in writing
 The first letter in a sentence or direct quote
 Names of specific people, places, and things
 Titles used as proper nouns
 Professional titles
 Compass points
 Nouns that precede numbers
 Names of nationalities
5.3 Abbreviations, Capitalization, and Number Expression
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Number Expression
 Number expression- the way numbers are written
(as words or numerals)
 Numbers ten and lower
 Indefinite or approximate numbers
 Two related numbers appearing next to each other
 A number at the beginning of a sentence
 Numerals and ordinals
5.3 Abbreviations, Capitalization, and Number Expression
20
Number Expression
 House and building numbers
 Dollar amounts
 Percentages
 Decimals in numerals
 Mixed numbers
 Expressions of time
5.3 Abbreviations, Capitalization, and Number Expression
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Vocabulary
abbreviation
apostrophe
appositive
capitalization
colon
comma
dash
declarative sentence
direct address
exclamation point
hyphen
nonrestrictive element
number expression
parentheses
period
question mark
quotation marks
restrictive element
semicolon
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