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Dentistry and
BASIC ORAL
ANATOMY
Oral Cavity (mouth)
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The entire oral cavity is lined with mucous
membrane tissue. The oral cavity consists of
the following two areas:
1.
The vestibule is the space between the teeth
and the inner mucosal lining of the lips and
checks.
2.
The oral cavity proper is the space contained
within the upper and lower dental arches.
The Dentitions
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The term dentition is used to describe
the natural teeth in the jawbones.
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Primary dentition is the first set of
20 primary teeth. Also referred to as
“baby teeth” or “deciduous teeth”
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Permanent dentition refers to the 32
secondary or “adult” teeth.
•
Mixed dentition occurs when both
primary and permanent teeth are
present, usually between the ages of 6
to 12.
Dental arches
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The maxillary arch
(upper arch), actually
part of the skull, is
fixed and not capable
of movement. The
teeth in the upper
arch are set in the
maxilla, the maxillary
bone.
•
The mandibular
arch (lower arch) is
capable of movement
through the action of
the
temporomandibular
joint. The mandible,
the mandibular bone
supports the teeth in
the lower arch.
Quadrants
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An imaginary midline divides each arch into a
left half and a right half. When the maxillary
and mandibular arches are each divided into
halves the resulting four sections are called
quadrants, as follows:
1.
Maxillary right quadrant
2.
Maxillary left quadrant
3.
Mandibular right quadrant
4.
Mandibular left quadrant
Directions of the Oral
Cavity
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Anterior means toward the front
of the mouth.
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Posterior means toward the back
of the mouth.
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Medial means toward the middle
or toward the middle of the arch.
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Lateral means toward the side or
toward the outside of the mouth.
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Mesial means toward the mid-line
of the dental arch.
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Distal means away from the midline of the dental arch.
Eruption & Exfoliation
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Eruption is the movement of the tooth through the
surrounding tissues so that more of the tooth
becomes visible in the mouth.
•
Exfoliation is the process by which the roots of the
baby tooth are resorbed and dissolved until so little
root remains that the baby tooth falls out.
Occlusion
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Occlusion is the relationship of the mandibular
and maxillary teeth when closed or during
excursive movements of the mandible; when the
teeth of the mandibular arch come into contact
with the teeth of the maxillary arch in any
functional relationship.
Types of Teeth
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The functions of teeth vary,
depending on their individual shape
and size and their location in the
jaws. The three basic food
processing functions of the teeth are
cutting, holding or grasping, and
grinding.
•
Incisors are single-rooted teeth
with a relatively sharp thin edge
referred to as the incisal edge.
Located in the front of the mouth,
they are designed to cut food
without the application of heavy
forces. Central (front teeth) and
lateral (distal to the centrals) teeth
are incisors.
Teeth
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Canines, also known as
cuspids, are located at the
corner of the arch. They are
designed for cutting and
tearing foods, which require
the application of force.
•
Premolars are a cross
between canines and molars.
An older term for premolar is
bicuspid. The pointed cusps
hold and grind the food. They
have a broader surface for
chewing food. There are two
sets of premolars in the
permanent dentition and NO
premolars in the primary
dentition.
Teeth
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Molars are much larger than premolars. The
molars have more cusps than other teeth that are
used to chew or grind up food. There are two sets
of molars in the primary dentition and three sets
of molars in the permanent dentition.
Quadrants
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In each quadrant there are five permanent teeth
(central, lateral, canine, & premolars) that succeed
or take the place of the five primary teeth (central,
lateral, canine, & molars), they are called
succedaneous teeth. Three permanent molars do
not succeed primary teeth in each quadrant;
therefore they are nonsuccedaneous teeth.
Dental Anatomy and Physiology
Anatomic Crown
The 3 parts of a tooth:
•
Anatomic Crown
•
Anatomic Root
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Pulp Chamber
Pulp
Chamber
Anatomic Root
Dental Anatomy and Physiology
The Dental Tissues:
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Enamel
Enamel (hard tissue)
Dentin (hard tissue)
Odontoblast Layer
Odontoblast Layer
Pulp Chamber (soft tissue)
Periodontal Ligament
Gingiva (soft tissue)
Periodontal Ligament (soft tissue)
Cementum (hard tissue)
Cementum
Alveolar Bone (hard tissue)
Pulp Canals
Alveolar Bone
Apical Foramen
Dentin
Gingiva
Pulp
Chamber
Apical Foramen
Pulp Canals
Dental Caries
Cavities
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Getting cavities filled doesn’t just fill a “hole” in your tooth
caused by decay.
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Rather, during the process, the dentist removes any decayed
tooth material to ensure that the decay doesn’t continue and
get worse, which can not only lead to a bigger cavity, but can
even result in an abscess (infection) requiring root canal
and/or bone loss.
filling a cavity
Tools of the trade
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Dental instruments are tools that dental professionals
use to provide dental treatment. They include tools to
examine, manipulate, treat, restore and remove teeth and
surrounding oral structures. Standard instruments are
the instruments used to examine, restore and extract
teeth and manipulate tissues.
Instruments
Dental specialties
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Dental Public Health
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Endodontics
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Oral and maxillofacial pathology
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Oral and maxillofacial radiology
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Oral and maxillofacial surgery
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Orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics
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Pediatric dentistry
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Prosthodontics
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Periodontics
Keywords
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Dentition
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Incisor
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Occlusion
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Central
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Maxilla - maxillary
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Lateral
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Mandible –mandibular
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Canine - cuspid
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Midline
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Premolar – bicuspid
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Quadrant
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Molar
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Anterior
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Succedaneous
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Posterior
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Eruption
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Medial
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Exfoliation
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Lateral (direction)
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Primary – deciduous – baby
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Permanent – adult
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Vestibule
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Oral cavity