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Measures of Central
Tendency
Mean – average, add and
divide by number of numbers
Median – middle number,
order from least to greatest
& find middle number
Mode – most, number that
occurs most often
Choosing Measures of
Central Tendency
Mean – best choice when
there are no extreme values
Median - best choice if
there are extreme values
Mode - best for identifying
most characteristic value
Order of Operations
• P – Parenthesis () First
• E – Exponents Second
• M/D – Multiplication & Division
from left to right
• A/S – Addition & Subtraction
from left to right
TABLES AND PATTERNS
Look at the relationship of
the top number to the
bottom number
Place in
Sequence
Term
1
1
2
4
3
7
4
10
n
3n-2
This Pattern: Multiply by 3 then subtract 2
Coordinate Plane
Quadrant
III
y axis
Quadrant
II
Quadrant
I
x axis
Quadrant
IV
Plotting Points
run (x, y) jump
Start at (0,0), move left or
right, then up or down
(-x,-y)
y axis
(-x,+y)
(+x,+y)
x axis
(+x,-y)
Scientific Notation
1039 = 1.039 × 10³
Large number, positive exponent
Small number, negative exponent
0.0056 = 5.6 × 10 ³
Scatter Plots
Positive Trend/
Negative Trend/
Correlation
Correlation
No Trend/
Correlation
Exponents
Good
2³ = 2 × 2 × 2 = 8
No!
2³ = 2 × 3 = 6
Bad
Percent Problems
Part
%
Whole
100
is
%
Difference
%
of
100
Original
100
Proportional Relationships
involve multiplication
or division by a specific
number,
never addition or
subtraction.
Graphs of Proportional
Relationships are straight lines
and pass through the origin (0,0)
Proportional
Not Proportional
Pythagorean Theorem
&
Special Case Right Triangles
leg
5
13
leg
a² + b² = c²
12
5² + 12² = 13²
3
5
4
a² + b² = c²
3² + 4² = 5²
Look for special case right triangles &
multiples like 6,8,10 or 30, 40, 50.
Pythagorean Theorem
Important points:
•Only works with RIGHT triangles.
•The longest side (opposite the right angle) must be
labeled “c”.
•Shapes drawn on the sides must be SQUARES.
c²
a² a
c
b
b²
Naming Solid Figures
A solid figure is named after
the shape of its base(s).
Base
Base
Base
Triangular
Square
Prism Rectangular Pyramid
Prism
Triangular
Pyramid
Volume Formulas
V = Bh
“B” represents the AREA of
the base, not the
measurement of the base.
Here, the area of the
base (triangle) is 10,
not 4, so substitute
5
10 for B.
V= 10h
4
7
More on Volume Formulas
V = Bh
“h” represents the height of
the prism (measured between
bases), not the height of the
base.
Here, the height of
the prism is 7, not 5,
5
so substitute 7 for h.
V= (10)(7) = 20 u³
4
7
Similar Shapes
Same shape, different size.
All angles congruent.
Side lengths are proportional
(multiplied or divided by the same number)
12
4
2
6
Similar figures have exactly the
same shape but may be different
sizes. Their corresponding sides
are proportional, and their
corresponding angles are
congruent.
10 in
5 in
3 in
6 in
Scale Factors
To find the scale factor of similar figures
new
old
10 in
x
6 in
3 in
Probability
# of Desired Outcomes
# of Total Possible Outcomes
To find the probability of more than
one event , multiply the
probabilities together.
Theoretical Probability – what ought to
happen.
Experimental Probability – what really
happens/happened.
Multiplying Fractions
Is not a problem
Top x top
&
Bottom x Bottom
Remember to Reduce!!!
Dividing Fractions
Don’t ask why,
Flip the
nd
2
and Multiply
Remember to Reduce!!!
Adding & Subtracting
Fractions
Must have a common
denominator,
then add or subtract the
numerators and
simplify/reduce.
Proportions
3 people xpeople

1car
20cars
3 people 1car

xpeople 20cars
3 people 20cars

1car
xpeople
OK
OK
NO!!!
Fractions to Decimals
Top dog in the house!!
DIVIDE
3
 53
5
0 .6
5 3 .0
30
0
3
 0.6
5
Common Equivalents
1
4
1
3
= 0.25 = 25%
= 0. 3 3 =
1
33 %
3
1
= 0.5 = 50%
2
2
3
3
4
= 0. 6 6 =
2
66 %
3
= 0.75 = 75%
Griddable Responses
73
73
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
5
4
5
4
5
4
5
4
5
4
5
4
5
4
5
4
5
4
5
4
5
4
5
4
5
4
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
8
9
8
9
8
9
8
9
8
9
8
9
8
9
8
9
8
9
8
9
8
9
8
9
8
9
8
9
Keep Your Formula
Chart On Your Desk
•USE YOUR
CHART !!!
Read Carefully
Take Your Time
Relax
Think Positively
You Can Do This