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Chapter 2 – Operational Amplifiers Introduction http://engr.calvin.edu/PRibeiro_WEBPAGE/courses/engr311/Handouts/OpAmp-tutorial-1.ppt Textbook CD http://www.clarkson.edu/%7Esvoboda/eta/designLab/InvertingAmplifierDesign.html The OP-AMP Terminals Symbol Power Supplies Exercise 2.1 The Ideal OP-AMP Inverting _ i(-) RO vid Noninverting i(+) Ri Output vO = Advid A + -VS Open-loop gain Exercise 2.2 Analysis of Circuits Containing Ideal OP-AMPS The Inverting Configuration Closed-Loop Gain Virtual Short-Circuit Virtual Ground Negative and Positive Feedback The inverting closed-loop configuration. Analysis of Circuits Containing Ideal OP-AMPS The Closed-Loop Gain Analysis of the inverting configuration Analysis of Circuits Containing Ideal OP-AMPS Effect of Finite Open-Loop Gain i1 vo v o vI A vI R1 v o A A R1 vo v o v I A A R1 i1 R2 R2 G vo vo R1 vI 1 R2 R1 1 A R2 Analysis of Circuits Containing Ideal OP-AMPS Example 2.1 Analysis of Circuits Containing Ideal OP-AMPS Input and Output Resistances Ri vI vI iI vI R1 Ro 0 R1 Analysis of Circuits Containing Ideal OP-AMPS Example 2.2 Analysis of Circuits Containing Ideal OP-AMPS Exercises Other Applications of the Inverting Configuration With General Impedances Other Applications of the Inverting Configuration Example 2.3 A difference amplifier. Applications of superposition to the analysis of the current circuit of Fig.. 2.21. Finding the input resistance of the difference amplifier. Representation of the common-mode and differential components of the input signal to a difference amplifier. Note that v1 = vCM - vd/2 and v2 = vCM + vd/2. (a) A popular circuit for an instrumentation amplifier. (b) Analysis of the circuit in (a) assuming ideal op-amps. (c) To make the gain variable, R1 is implemented as the series combination of a fixed resister R1f and a variable resistor R1v. Resistor R1f ensures that the maximum available gain is limited. Open-loop gain of a typical general-purpose internally compensated op amp. (a) Unity-gain follower. (b) Input step waveform. (c) Linearly rising output waveform obtained when the amplifier is slew-rate limited. (d) Exponentially rising output waveform obtained when V is sufficiently small so that the initial slope (wtV) is smaller then or equal to SR. Effect of slew-rate limiting on output sinusoidal waveforms.