Download Grob Basic Electronics Chapter 4 SERIES CIRCUITS

Grob Basic Electronics
Chapter 4
SERIES CIRCUITS
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Characteristics of a
Series Circuit




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Current is the same everywhere in the circuit.
The total resistance is equal to the sum of the
individual resistances.
The total voltage is equal to the sum of the IR
voltage drops across the individual resistances.
Total power is equal to the sum of the power
dissipated by each resistance.
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Current Formulas
Series Circuits

Total current is equal to each of the
individual currents in the series string:
I T  I1  I 2  I 3   etc.

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Total current is equal to total voltage
divided by total resistance:
VT
IT 
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RT
Resistance Formulas
Series Circuits

Total resistance is equal to the sum of the
individual resistances in the series string:
R T  R 1  R 2  R 3  etc.

Total resistance is equal to total voltage
divided by the circuit current:
VT
RT 
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IT
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Voltage Formulas
Series Circuits

Total voltage is equal to the sum of the
individual voltages in the series string:
VT  V1  V2  V3  etc.
or
VT  IR 1  IR 2  IR 3  etc.

Total voltage is equal to total current times
total resistance: V  I R
T
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T
T
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Polarity of Resistor
IR Voltage Drops
When current flows through a resistance, a voltage equal
to IR is dropped across the resistor. The polarity of this
IR voltage drop is:


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Negative at the end where the electron flow enters
the resistance.
Positive at the end where the electron flow leaves
the resistance.
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Total Power
Series Circuits

Total power is equal to the sum of the
power dissipated by the individual
resistances in the series string:
PT  P1  P2  P3  etc.

Total power is equal to total voltage times
circuit current:
PT  VT I
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Aiding and Opposing Voltages
Series Circuits

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Series-aiding voltages are added.
Series-opposing voltages are subtracted.
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Open Circuit
Series Circuit
When a series circuit is open, no current
flows through any part.
 When a series circuit is open, the applied
voltage appears across the open portion.

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Logic Functions
Series Circuit
Switches connected in series correspond to
an AND gate function.
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End of Chapter 4
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