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Pronombres Pronoun: takes the place of nouns. Los tipos de pronombres • Sujeto: hace la acción del verbo. • Reflexivo: el sujeto y objeto son iguales. • Pronombre de objeto directo: recibe la acción del verbo. • Pronombre de objeto indirecto: contesta las preguntas de ¿a quien? ¿para quien? • Sintaxis: el mapa de una oración en español. (How do I create a sentence in Spanish?) Sujeto English 1st 2nd 3rd Singular I You He/She/It español 1st 2nd 3rd y 2nd (formal) Plural We All of you They Singular Plural Yo Nosotros Tú Vosotros* Él/Ella/Usted Ellos (as)/Uds. *Vosotros is only used in Spain. You will not be tested on conjugations in this form. Sujeto continuado… • The subject performs the action of the verb. • It also determines the conjugation of the verb. • In the 1st and 2nd forms of the verb, one does not need to include the subject pronoun because it is already determined by the ending of the verb. – Yo como. I eat. – Tu escribes. You (inf.) write. Como. I eat. Escribes. You (inf.) write. • With other verb forms, it is often desirable to include the subject noun or pronoun. – Juan come. Juan eats. – Juana come. Juana eats. Back to Menu Él come. He eats. Ella come. She eats. Los Pronombres Reflexivos English 1st 2nd 3rd Singular Plural myself yourself himself/herself/itself ourselves yourselves themselves español 1st 2nd 3rd y 2nd (formal) Singular me te Plural nos os se se pronombres reflexivos cont. • The subject both performs and receives the action of the verb. – Me levanto. I get myself up. – Te escondes. I hide myself. – Nos divertimos. We enjoyed ourselves. • When the verb is conjugated, the pronoun goes IN FRONT of the verb. – Juan se acuesta. Juan puts himself to bed. • When using a verb phrase (2 or more verbs in a row), the pronoun attaches to the end of the infinitive form. – Necesito acostarme – I need to put myself to bed (go to bed). Back to Menu Los Pronombres de Objetos Directos English 1st 2nd 3rd Singular me you him/her/it español 1st 2nd 3rd y 2nd (formal) Plural us (all of) you them Singular me Plural nos te os lo/la los/las Los Objetos Directos • The D.O receives the action of the verb. – Bill hit the ball. The ball receives the action “hit”. • The D.O. answers the question “what?” or “whom” with regard to what the subject of the sentence is doing. – Bill hit the ball. Bill hit what? the ball. Sherry hit Bill. Sherry hit whom? Bill • Often we use pronouns to replace the direct object noun. – Paul bought the flowers. He gave the flowers to his wife. – Paul bought the flowers. He gave them to his wife. ¿Dónde pongo los objetos directos? • The direct object pronoun usually comes immediately before the conjugated verb. – Tú lo tienes. You have it. • However, when a sentence has a verb phrase with one verb conjugated followed by an infinitive, the pronoun may be attached to the end of the infinitive. – Yo lo puedo hacer. OR Yo puedo hacerlo. I can do it. • Notice that the direct object must agree in gender and number. It replaces “la pluma” so “la” is the correct direct object pronoun. – Juan tiene la pluma. Juan has the pen. – Juan la tiene. Juan has it. Back to Menu Los Pronombres de Objetos Indirectos English 1st 2nd 3rd Singular to/for me to/for you him/her/it español 1st Plural to/for us to/for (all of) you them Singular me Plural nos 2nd te os 3rd y 2nd le les (formal) Los objetos indirectos • Indirect object pronouns tell where the direct object is going. – I gave the book to Maria. Where is the book going? to Maria. • I.O. pronouns also answers the questions “to whom?” and “for whom?” – I sing the song for her. for whom? for her. • Usually, when there is an indirect object, there will be a direct object. However the direct object is often implied and not written. – I write her everyday. I.O. = her D.O = letter (implied) Indirect and Direct Object Pronouns • Like the D.O. the indirect object pronoun goes before the conjugated verb or attached to the infinitive. – Me escribes. You write me. • When both D.O. and I.O are in the same sentence, the I.O goes first and then the D.O. – He gave it to me. Él me lo dio. – He wants to give it to me. Él quiere darmelo. Back to Menu Syntax: mapping the Spanish sentence. • In an independent clause (a normal sentence), there is a correct order of grammatical pieces. – I sing it (la canción) for you. – Yo te la canto. Subj. I.O. D.O. Verb. • When the direct object and indirect object both start with l, change the first pronoun to “se” – I sing it for them. – Yo les la canto. Yo se la canto. Back to Menu