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Pronombres
Pronoun: takes the place of nouns.
Los tipos de pronombres
• Sujeto: hace la acción del verbo.
• Reflexivo: el sujeto y objeto son iguales.
• Pronombre de objeto directo: recibe la acción
del verbo.
• Pronombre de objeto indirecto: contesta las
preguntas de ¿a quien? ¿para quien?
• Sintaxis: el mapa de una oración en español.
(How do I create a sentence in Spanish?)
Sujeto
English
1st
2nd
3rd
Singular
I
You
He/She/It
español
1st
2nd
3rd y 2nd
(formal)
Plural
We
All of you
They
Singular
Plural
Yo
Nosotros
Tú
Vosotros*
Él/Ella/Usted
Ellos (as)/Uds.
*Vosotros is only used in Spain. You will not be
tested on conjugations in this form.
Sujeto continuado…
• The subject performs the action of the verb.
• It also determines the conjugation of the verb.
• In the 1st and 2nd forms of the verb, one does not need
to include the subject pronoun because it is already
determined by the ending of the verb.
– Yo como. I eat.
– Tu escribes. You (inf.) write.
Como. I eat.
Escribes. You (inf.) write.
• With other verb forms, it is often desirable to include
the subject noun or pronoun.
– Juan come. Juan eats.
– Juana come. Juana eats.
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Él come. He eats.
Ella come. She eats.
Los Pronombres Reflexivos
English
1st
2nd
3rd
Singular
Plural
myself
yourself
himself/herself/itself
ourselves
yourselves
themselves
español
1st
2nd
3rd y 2nd (formal)
Singular
me
te
Plural
nos
os
se
se
pronombres reflexivos cont.
• The subject both performs and receives the action of the
verb.
– Me levanto. I get myself up.
– Te escondes. I hide myself.
– Nos divertimos. We enjoyed ourselves.
• When the verb is conjugated, the pronoun goes IN FRONT
of the verb.
– Juan se acuesta. Juan puts himself to bed.
• When using a verb phrase (2 or more verbs in a row), the
pronoun attaches to the end of the infinitive form.
– Necesito acostarme – I need to put myself to bed (go to bed).
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Los Pronombres de
Objetos Directos
English
1st
2nd
3rd
Singular
me
you
him/her/it
español
1st
2nd
3rd y 2nd
(formal)
Plural
us
(all of) you
them
Singular
me
Plural
nos
te
os
lo/la
los/las
Los Objetos Directos
• The D.O receives the action of the verb.
– Bill hit the ball. The ball receives the action “hit”.
• The D.O. answers the question “what?” or “whom” with
regard to what the subject of the sentence is doing.
– Bill hit the ball. Bill hit what? the ball. Sherry hit Bill. Sherry
hit whom? Bill
• Often we use pronouns to replace the direct object
noun.
– Paul bought the flowers. He gave the flowers to his wife.
– Paul bought the flowers. He gave them to his wife.
¿Dónde pongo los objetos directos?
•
The direct object pronoun usually comes immediately before the
conjugated verb.
– Tú lo tienes. You have it.
•
However, when a sentence has a verb phrase with one verb
conjugated followed by an infinitive, the pronoun may be attached
to the end of the infinitive.
– Yo lo puedo hacer. OR Yo puedo hacerlo. I can do it.
•
Notice that the direct object must agree in gender and number.
It replaces “la pluma” so “la” is the correct direct object pronoun.
– Juan tiene la pluma. Juan has the pen.
– Juan la tiene. Juan has it.
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Los Pronombres de
Objetos Indirectos
English
1st
2nd
3rd
Singular
to/for me
to/for you
him/her/it
español
1st
Plural
to/for us
to/for (all of) you
them
Singular
me
Plural
nos
2nd
te
os
3rd y 2nd
le
les
(formal)
Los objetos indirectos
• Indirect object pronouns tell where the direct
object is going.
– I gave the book to Maria. Where is the book going? to
Maria.
• I.O. pronouns also answers the questions “to
whom?” and “for whom?”
– I sing the song for her. for whom? for her.
• Usually, when there is an indirect object, there
will be a direct object. However the direct
object is often implied and not written.
– I write her everyday. I.O. = her D.O = letter (implied)
Indirect and Direct
Object Pronouns
• Like the D.O. the indirect object pronoun
goes before the conjugated verb or
attached to the infinitive.
– Me escribes. You write me.
• When both D.O. and I.O are in the same
sentence, the I.O goes first and then the
D.O.
– He gave it to me. Él me lo dio.
– He wants to give it to me. Él quiere darmelo.
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Syntax: mapping the
Spanish sentence.
• In an independent clause (a normal sentence), there is a
correct order of grammatical pieces.
– I sing it (la canción) for you.
– Yo
te
la
canto.
Subj.
I.O.
D.O.
Verb.
• When the direct object and indirect object both
start with l, change the first pronoun to “se”
– I sing it for them.
– Yo les la canto. Yo se la canto.
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