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Verbals I’m having an identity crisis. Verb Examples: The rapidly developing storm kept small boats in port. The pleased student smiled at the teacher. Present Participles Present participles are formed by adding –ing to the plain form of the verb. Example: The laughing student grinned like a Cheshire cat. Past Participles Past participles are formed by adding either – ed, -d-, -t, -en, or –n to the plain form of the verb. Others may be formed as irregular verbs. Ellie, my dachshund, had a bewildered look on her face when the water from the nozzle in her bathtub suddenly turned cold. Gerunds A gerund is a verb form used as a noun. The gerund can be formed by adding –ing to the present tense of the verb: Jog jogging Jogging at night without reflective gear can be dangerous. Identifying Gerunds • As a subject: – “Running is good exercise” • Answer- Running= gerund • As the direct object – “Brandon likes drawing.” • Answer: Drawing= gerund • As subject complement – “My favorite activity is eating.” • Answer: Eating= gerund Identifying Gerunds • As the Predicate Nominative: – “The best thing about camp is sleeping.” • Answer: sleeping= gerund • As the object of the Preposition: – “She earns her living by writing.” • Answer: Writing= gerund Identifying Gerund Phrases • Running away was a huge mistake. – Phrase: • My favorite pastime is reading books. – Phrase: • You might get in trouble for faking an illness to avoid school. – Phrase: Gerunds can be used as: A subject: Jogging is a popular form of exercise. A direct object: My sister enjoys jogging. Enjoys what? jogging An object of the preposition: These shoes are made for jogging. jogging shoes participle **Remember: A participle is a verb form that describes a noun.** Infinitive Phrases • A verb form, or VERBAL, that almost always has the word “to” in front of it. – Used as a noun, adjective, or an adverb • Examples: – Lydia refused to help. – That was a day to remember. – The senator rose to speak. Infinitive: An infinitive is a verbal that appears after the word to. The “to” before the verb is called “The sign of the infinitive.” to run to see to hear TO The word “to” is a preposition when it is followed by a noun or pronoun that is its object. I need a ride to the game. We went to Jeff’s party. prepositions