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NOUNS COMMON + PROPER NOUNS SINGULAR + PLURAL NOUNS COLLECTIVE NOUNS COUNTABLE + UNCOUNTABL E NOUNS USING POSSESIVES WITH NOUNS ABSTARCT NOUNS Common + Proper Nouns • Common – general item – not capitalized unless they begin a sentence or are part of a title – can be countable or uncountable nouns • Proper – name of particular people, things or places – specific – requires capitalization – most are singular – not usually preceded by articles Common Nouns Proper Nouns man Bill Gates coffee shops Starbucks jeans Levi’s country Malaysia river Sungai Pahang mountain Mount Kinabalu day Sunday Countable + Uncountable Nouns • Countable nouns - something that can be counted • Uncountable nouns – cannot be counted – E.g.: water , salt , flour (can be counted if we put into something) – Takes a singular verb – This milk has expired. – Many uncountable nouns are abstract – violence, happiness – But some are concrete – sand , glue Singular + Plural Nouns • Singular – refer to one • Plural – refer to more than one – Most countable nouns add –s – Nouns ending whit ch, sh, s,ss or x add –es – Some words can take both –s or –es – Eg: mangos / mangoes volcanos / volcanoes – For a –ve or unknown quantity , we normally use the plural – Eg: There were no passengers on the bus. / Have you ever read good books lately? Collective Nouns • Refer to groups of things that are regarded as one • Collective nouns can be replaced by both singular and plural pronouns, depending on their meaning. – When the members are doing the same thing together, the collective noun is singular and requires singular verbs and pronouns. – When the members are acting as individuals, the collective noun is plural and requires plural verbs and pronouns. • Examples: – Every afternoon the baseball team follows its coach out to the hot field for practice. – After the three-hour practice under the brutal sun, the team shower, change into their street clothes, and head to their air-conditioned homes. Examples team audience staff committee army colony gang flock herd tribe panel board pack troupe group crew choir band stack basket family string pair Abstract Nouns • Idea, event, quality, experience, trait, quality, state of being, feeling or concept (things which are intangible and cannot be counted) • Your five senses cannot detect this group of nouns. Nouns with the following suffixes are often abstract: - tion -ism -ity -ment -ness -age -ance/-ence -ability -acy -ship -hood Examples integrity respect efficiency admiration bravery joy kindness creativity freedom wisdom happiness fairness In contrast… • Concrete words refer to things we can touch, see, hear, smell, and taste, • Example: sandpaper, soda, trees, mobile phone, cow, car, rocking chair, and pancake. Common Abstract Nouns Emotions/Feelin gs States/Attribute s Ideas/Concepts/Id eals Movements/Event s Love Success Truth Progress Hate Loyalty Knowledge Education Anger Honesty Culture Friendships Peace Charity Trust Trouble Pride Beauty Information Relaxation Don't confuse an abstract noun with a concrete noun. Abstract nouns •dedication •curiosity •motivation Concrete Nouns •teacher •cat •motivator • In many cases abstract nouns are derived from an addition of a suffix or alteration in the root word. • Example: Child vs. Childhood Child is a concrete noun, for example, but childhood is an intangible state, so it is abstract. Possessive Forms of Nouns The possessive apostrophe (’) is added to a noun to show possession or ownership The rules for forming possessive nouns Singular Noun • Add ‘s • Example: the girl’s umbrella, Kenny’s voice Plural Noun not ending in –s • Add ‘s • Example: children's wear, policemen’ s car Plural Noun ending in -s • add ‘ • Example: girls’ umbrella, students’ voice A name ends in -s • Usually add ‘s Example: Jonas’s book or Jonas’ book • * In formal writing, just add ‘ Example: Charles’ reign, Keats’ poetry Your turn. Exercise 1 Categorise the following nouns according to their classes Samsung Sheikh Muzaffar physics herd opportunity mobile-phone commitment Atlantic Ocean entertainment game excellence news committee photograph German Universiti Malaysia Pahang band crew magnificence board Answers Common Nouns Proper Nouns Collective Nouns Abstract Nouns Nouns as subjects • The noun as the subject: the person, animal, place or thing we are talking about in the sentence • Who or what did something (verb) / performs the action in the sentence Examples 1. The boy fell in the drain. Who fell in the drain? The boy. 2. The bell rang at 12 o’clock. 3. Farid and Ismail decorated the room. 4. The Titanic struck an iceberg. What makes a man? 5. Bravery makes a man. Bravery. 6. The distinguished guests left the room. 21 Nouns as objects • Comes after a verb • Receives the action of the verb • Answers the question ‘what’ or ‘whom’ after the verb. • Examples: • 1. Tom visited the dentist. (visited whom?) • 2. The student lost a book. (lost what?)