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III- He: Imperfect, Imperative, and Infinitive Construct
III- He: Imperfect, Imperative, and Infinitive Construct
‫בנה‬
‫יִבְ נֶה‬
‫תִ בְ נֶה‬
‫תִ בְ נֶה‬
‫תִ בְ נִי‬
‫אֶ בְ נֶה‬
‫יִבְ נּו‬
‫ כתב‬to write
he will build
3ms
‫ יִכְ ּתׁב‬he will write
she will build
3fs
‫ ִּתכְ ּתׁב‬she will write
you will build
2ms
‫ ִּתכְ ּתׁב‬you will write
you will build
2fs
‫ ִּתכְ ְּת ִבי‬you will write
I will build
1cs
‫ אֶ כְ ּתׁב‬I will write
they will build
3mp
‫ יִכְ ְּתבּו‬they will write
ְְ‫ ִּתכְ ּתׁב‬they will write
3fp
‫ תִ בְ נֶינָה‬they will build
‫נָה‬
2mp
‫ תִ בְ נּו‬you will build
‫ ִּתכְ ְּתבּו‬you will write
ְְ‫ ִּתכְ ּתׁב‬you will write
2fp
‫ תִ בְ נֶינָה‬you will build
‫נָה‬
In all 1cp
forms with ‫ֶה‬
a ‫נ‬suffix,
‫ ה‬drops off completely.
ְ‫ נִב‬wethewillIII-build
‫ נִ כְ ּתׁב‬we will write
to build
In the 3fp and 2fp forms, the second root consonant’s vowel is a seghol-yod.
III- He: Imperfect, Imperative, and Infinitive Construct
2ms
2fs
2mp
2fp
Imperfect
Imperative
‫תִ בְ ֶָנה‬
‫תִ בְ ִָני‬
‫תִ בְ נּו‬
‫תִ בְ ֶָנינה‬
‫בְ נֵה‬
‫בְ נִי‬
‫בְ נּו‬
‫בְ נֶינה‬
As explained earlier for the imperfect form, the III-‫ ה‬is lost in all forms with a suffix. The rest is pretty
much the same.
III- He: Imperfect, Imperative, and Infinitive Construct
Consider the following III-‫ ה‬verbs and their infinitive construct forms.
III- Verb
Infinitive
Construct
‫בנה‬
‫ענה‬
‫ראה‬
‫בְ נוֹת‬
‫עֲנוֹת‬
‫ְראוֹת‬
‫ה‬
to build
to answer
to see
The III-he is lost in the infinitive construct form.
The first root consonant vowel of the infinitive construct is a shewa, and the first root guttural vowel
of the infinitive construct is a partial shewa.
The infinitive construct form of III-he verbs ends in ‫וֹת‬. This should not be confused with feminine
plural nouns, participles, and adjectives which also end in ‫וֹת‬.
Plural nouns and adjectives: know your vocabulary
Participles: holem vowel (oh-ey)
III- He: Imperfect, Imperative, and Infinitive Construct
Imperfect
3ms
3fs
2ms
2fs
1cs
3mp
3fp
2mp
2fp
1cp
Imperative
2ms
2fs
2mp
2fp
Inf. Construct
‫יִהְ יֶה‬
‫תִ הְ יֶה‬
‫תִ הְ יֶה‬
‫תִ הְ יִי‬
‫אֶ הְ יֶה‬
‫יִהְ יּו‬
‫תִ הְ יֶינה‬
‫תִ הְ יּו‬
‫תִ הְ יֶינה‬
‫נִהְ יֶה‬
‫ֱהיֵה‬
‫ֲהיִי‬
‫הֲיּו‬
-‫הֱיוֹת‬
The verb ‫( היה‬to be) is the second most
frequently used verb in the Hebrew Bible.
(3,576 times)
The verb ‫(אמר‬to say) is the most
frequently used. (5,316 times)
III- He: Imperfect, Imperative, and Infinitive Construct
The third person counterpart to the imperative verb form is the jussive, which expresses a command or
wish such as “let him send” or “may he send”. The jussive form of strong verbs is usually identical to
the third person imperfect verb form.
III- ‫ ה‬jussives lose the ‫ ה‬mater lectionis
Most III-‫ ה‬verbs are shortened in the jussive form.
in the 3ms and 3fs form. This loss
Verb Imperfect
Jussive
occurs only in the singular form. 3mp
and 3fp jussive and imperfect forms are
‫בנה‬
‫ יִבְ נֶה‬he will build
‫ יִבֶ ן‬let him build identical (use context to translate).
‫ׁשבה‬
‫ י ְִׁשבֶָה‬he will capture
ְָ‫ י ְִׁשב‬let him capture
The shortened form generally occurs
‫ראה‬
‫ י ְִראֶ ה‬he will see
‫ י ֵֶרא‬let him see
when the verb is in a vav-conversive
narrative sequence.
‫עׂשה‬
‫ ַיעֲׂשֶָה‬he will do
‫ יַעַ ׂש‬let him do
Verb
‫בכה‬
‫ּפנה‬
‫ראה‬
‫עׂשה‬
Imperfect
‫תִ בְ ֶָכה‬
‫תִ פְ ֶָנה‬
‫תִ ְראֶָה‬
‫תַ עֲׂשֶָה‬
Jussive
she will weep
she will turn
she will see
she will do
ְָ‫תֵ בְ ך‬
‫תֵ פֶ ן‬
‫תֵ ֶרא‬
‫תֵ עַ ׂש‬
let her weep
let her capture
let her see
let her do
Notice the changed vowels in the
shortened jussive. Lambdin pg. 144
has a longer list of these irregularly
vowelled examples.