Download NOUN REVIEW

AHSGE REVIEW
AHSGE Objectives
I-1 (Noun forms)
Tips for the test
• Read the directions carefully. They will
flip on you!
• Circle what you are looking for-correct or
incorrect or error!
• Use the process of elimination!
• X out any answers you know are wrong or
right…depending on the directions.
• Take your time.
Rules for making most
nouns plural
• Most nouns=add s chair=chairs
• Nouns ending in
s, ch, sh, x, =add es church=churches
• Sometimes the last letter doubles.
quiz=quizzes
• Nouns ending in y-change y to i/add es
• baby-=babies, fly=flies
• If a vowel is before the consonant y,
just add s
– Such as in boy= boys
Names ending in y such as Montgomery
The Montgomerys are having a yard sale
next week. =No apostrophe to make the
name plural.
Watch out for irregular
nouns!
• Nouns ending in –us form plurals by
changing the -us to –I
• EX: singular=cactus
• Plural= cacti
**some have more than one accepted plural.
We may also say cactuses. Choose whichever
option is on the test. Cacti/cactuses
Compound nouns
• When a noun is hyphenated, make
sure you put the –s or –es on the
actual noun.
• Example= Mother-in-law=singular
»Mothers-in law=plural
Possessive Nouns
• Add an apostrophe (‘) with s to most
nouns to show possession.
• Bob=Bob’s
• Jane=Jane’s
Names ending in S
• Add an apostrophe and S to names
ending in s.
• James has a book. It is James’s book.
• Mrs. Woods office.
• Go to Mrs. Woods’s office.
Exception…
• If a name is used as an archaic name, then
just add an apostrophe.
• **Consider Jesus and before as archaic.
• Moses had sons.
• It is Moses’ sons.
Choose the sentence in which
the use of nouns is correct.
• A. Those radioes are more expensive.
• B. The churchs all had steeples.
• C. Their beliefs were written in the
document.
• D. The ladys had more points.
Choose the sentence in which
the use of nouns is correct.
• A. Those radioes are more expensive.
• B. The churchs all had steeples.
• C. Their beliefs were written in the
document.
• D. The ladys had more points.
One of the sentences below contains an
error in the use of nouns. Choose the
sentence that contains an error.
3. A. His foots grew two sizes.
B. Two deer crossed the road.
C. The orange halves smelled
delicious.
D. The Joneses went on vacation.
Verbs
Objective I-2
• Pay attention to verb tenses
• Choose appropriately according to
key words and answer choices.
• It isn’t necessary to memorize the
tenses, just make good grammatical
choices.☺
Choose the sentence in which the
use of verbs is correct. (Correct
the wrong sentences!)
A. She had went on vacation for a
week.
B. They have took the exam.
C. I have washed the windows.
D. The child has wrote a poem for her
mother.
Verb tense shifts
Objective I-5
• When a sentence has more than one verb,
they should not change tense unless there
is a reason for the shift.
• The tap water contained chlorine that kills
harmful bacteria.
• Past and present verbs are used. They should be
either both past or both present tense.
Subject- Verb Agreement
Objective I-3
• Watch out for those pesky
prepositional phrases that love to get
in the middle of the subject and
verb!
• The speech (about whales) was given
by Maria.
• If the subject is plural, the verb will
NOT have s.
• If the subject is singular, the verb
will have s.
• Example=She sits. (singular)
• Example= We sit. (Plural)
•
•
•
•
•
Singular
Is
Was
Am
Has
plural
are
were
are
have
• We are tired today.
• She is tired today.
• Exception-YOU always takes a plural
verb even though is singular.
• You are beautiful!
Find the subject
Weed out prepositional phrases
Then choose your answer.
• Most members (of her family) is/are
artistic.
• The pieces (of furniture) is/are
antique.
Pronouns-Case= Objective I-6
Pronoun/antecedent agreement
Objective I-4
• Case Singular
• Subjective I
you
he, she, it
Plural
we
you
they
Always used as subjects or
predicate nominatives!
• Objective singular plural
•
me
us
you
him, her, it
• Used as direct objects
• Indirect objects
• Object of prep.
you
them
Possessive
•
•
•
•
Singular
My, mine
Your, yours
His,her,hers,its
Plural
our,ours
same
their, theirs
• **describes or replaces a noun
Who/whom
•
•
•
•
Who is used as a subjective pronoun
EX: Who will build the house.
Used in the same way as “he.”
HE will build the house
• Whom is used as an objective
pronoun
• Used in the same manner as “him.”
• Whom did they call?
• They did call him.
Pronouns- always singular/will have
a singular verb
• Everyone
someone
anyone
• No one
each
everybody
• Somebody anybody
nobody
• Either
everything
something
• Anything
nothing
neither
• Much
one
• **If it ends in ONE, BODY, or THING- it is SINGULAR
Indefinite pronouns
always plural
• Few
both
several
many
• Few of the boys are going on the
trip.
• Many are staying at the hotel tonight
Active/Passive Voice=
Objective I-7
• To remember the difference between active and
passive voice, do the following:
• Find the subject and verb of each sentence
choice.
• ASK- Is the subject doing what the verb says?
• If you get YES—that is ACTIVE voice
• If you get NO—that is PASSIVE voice
• **Make sure you ask using base form of the verb.
Example•
•
•
•
Example 1James gave the book to Tonya.
Ask- Did James give something?
YES, he gave a book, so it is ACTIVE
• Example 2• The book was given to Tonya.
• ASK- Did the book give something?
• NO—the book did not give anything! PASSIVE
ACTIVE/PASSIVE Voice
Choose (write) the sentence that is written in
the active voice.
a. The backpack contained all my supplies.
b. The balloon was pumped up quickly with
the electric pump.
c. Poe, her favorite author, was displayed
on posters in her room.
d. The sandbox in the backyard had been
cleaned by the children
*The answer is A- the backpack did
contain the supplies.
•
•
•
•
Identify (write) the sentence that is
written in the passive voice.
A. The troll stopped them from crossing
the bridge.
B. Flowers were blooming purple and white
in the field.
C. The fountain was making a pleasant
sound in the background.
D. The man in the sunglasses was still
recognized by his fans.
• **The Answer is D. The man did not recognize
anyone.. He was recognized by his fans.
Indefinite pronouns-pronoun antecedent
agreement I-4
• See your workbook and Rules for reference!
• If it ends in ONE, BODY, or THING, it is
SINGULAR• Ex: Everyone, everybody, everything
• Each, either, neither, much—SINGULAR
• Everyone needs to finish his/her assignment
before Monday.
• Neither (of the girls) assembled her computer.
( Not their! Don’t go by the OP. )
Always PLURAL Pronounsseveral, both, few, many
• All of the computers lost their power.
• Many did not recognize their classmates at the
reunion.
• Few will understand how they can help.
• Both boys are nervous, but they will do their
best on the test!
Pronouns
Choose the sentence in which the
underlined pronoun is used correctly.
A. Nobody saw their reflection in the lake.
B. Either the girl or her mother is sewing
their blouse.
C. Some of the cords kept its strength.
D. Someone needs to bring her prom dress
that night.
Choose the correct pronoun
to complete the sentence.
Neither of the men sang ____solo.
A. Her
B. its’
C. His
D. their
Choose the sentence that
contains a pronoun error.
A. One of the dozen dogs buried their bone.
B. Several of the people left their
programs.
C. Everything we tried had its problem.
D. Many of the audience held their signs up.
Choose the sentence in
which the underlined
pronoun is an error.
A. The robot raised its arm.
B. Both the father and the son lost his
gloves.
C. Mom and I raised our eyes to see
the leak.
D. The pants in the closet kept their
creases.
Lie/Lay
• Lie-means to rest or to recline.
• Lay-means to put or to place.
•
•
•
•
Base
Present Part.
Past Form
Past Participle
lay(put)
Laying
laid
laid
lie(recline)
lying
lay
lain
Lie-to recline
• I am going to lie in the hammock.(present)
• Yesterday, he lay in the hammock.(past)
• He is lying there now.(pres.part.)
• He has lain in the hammock before.( past part.)
Lay
• I am going to lay the vase on the shelf.(present)
• I am laying the vase down now.(pres.part)
• I laid the vase on the counter.(past)
• He has laid the vase there more than once.
(past.part.)
Sit/set
• Sit- means to sit in a sitting position
• Set- means to put or to place
• Base/Present
• Past
• Past Participle
Sit
sat
sat
Set
set
set
Sit/set
• She sits on the sofa.
• The box sits on the shelf.
• We sit in our desks.
• She set the table
• The sun set on the horizon.
• Please set my keys on the counter.
Parallel Structure
Choose the sentence that has parallel
structure.
A. The tree in the pasture was short,
crooked, and a pine.
B. They either knew the answer or
pretending to know it.
C. I wanted neither to watch nor to hear
the wrestling program.
D. Did you read the book or having watched
the movie?
Rewrite the following sentences using
correct punctuation for direct and
indirect quotations.
1. Willie said I want some ice cream
2. I heard Adam say, Why yes of course I’d
like a bite of that apple.
3. Leave me alone he begged or I’ll tell my
mom
4. You’re kidding I quickly responded do you
mean I no longer have to share a room
with Sam
Rewrite the following sentences
using correct punctuation for
direct and indirect quotations.
1.
Do you think Jerry asked that you will go
to Macy’s or Target to do most of your
holiday shopping
2. When will we arrive in port the passenger
asked
3. What she inquired have you done with
the children
4. Yes, that’s exactly what we mean mother
replied.
Rewrite the following sentences
using underlining/italics and
quotations correctly.
1.
In last month’s National Geographic
there was an interesting story entitled
The Gold in the Tombs.
2. In today’s Times Daily, I saw an article
titled Any Which Way But Down.
3. Did you read the new Southern Living
magazine for this month?
4. Have you ever read The Illiad or The
Odyssey?
Rewrite the following sentences
using underlining/italics and
quotations correctly.
1.
I got my new job through the New York
Times.
2. Have you ever read Shakespeare’s
sonnet, Shall I Compare Thee to a
Summer’s Day?
3. Edgar Allan Poe wrote a poem called The
Raven.
4. Have you ever heard the song titled If I
Had a Hammer?