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English Grammar
Nouns, Pronouns, Adjectives
a word or word group
that is used to name a
person, place, a thing, or
compound-single
an
idea
noun
made
up of more
than one word
one wordcupcake
hyphenatedlight-year
two wordsjumping jack
common-any
TIPP
no capital letter book
Nounsproper- particular
mnemonicstudy aid
TIPP-thing, idea, person, place
TIPP
capital letterMorroco
pun-play on words
lawyer -Sue N. Court
Nouns
concrete- names TIPP
that can be perceived by
one or more of the senses
(sight, hearing, taste, touch,
smell)
music
abstract- names idea, a
feeling, quality, or
characteristicfreedom, joy, courage
Nouns
collective-word that
names a group
batch, team, jury
The Pronoun
antecedentword a pronouns
stands for
Catherine told
Catherine's father
Catherine would
be late.
Catherine (ante)
told her (pn)
father she(pn)
would be late.
Sometimes the
antecedent is not
stated.
example:
Who (pn)
invented the
telephone?
Personal Pronouns
ReflexiveIntensive- emphasizes
refers to the subject and
a noun or another
functions as a complement
pronoun
or an object of the
preposition
The firemen did not
I myself knew the
consider themselves
answer.
heroes.
First Person
myself, ourselves
Second Person
yourself, yourselves
Third Person
himself, herself, itself, themselves
Relative Pronouns
introduces a subordinate clause
(contains a subject and verb but does
not express a complete thought)
that, which, who, whom,
whose
Joe, who is new, ran
for president.
Interrogative Pronouns
introduce questions
what, which,
who, whom,
whose
Who wrote the
book?
The Adjective
an adjective is a word
used to modify a noun
or a pronoun.
Modify-describe a
word or make the
meaning more definite
-What kind?
ex. stone house
-Which one?
ex. first day
-How much or how
many?
ex. more money
You can
make your
writing more
lively by
using
specific
vivid
adjectives.
(avoid
overused
adjectives
like good,
nice, big)
Writing
DULL
The small man
was
accompanied
by two big
dogs.
VIVID
The short slim
man was
accompanied
by two
massive dogs.
Articles
A, an, the
Indefinite-refer to any
member of a general
group (a, an) an is
used before a vowel
sound
Definite- refers to
someone or something
in particular (the)
a gerbil
a uniform
an accident
the shuttle
Demonstrative
Adjectives
this, that, these, those
when they modify a
noun- demonstrative
adj.
when they take the
place of a noun demonstrative
pronoun
Adjective:
These flags are
more colorful than
those banners are.
Pronoun:
These are more
colorful than those
are.
Adjectives in a Sentence
We brought USED BOOKS
to school.
Adjectives can come
before or after the
words they modify.
The DRESS, once BRIGHT,
looks faded.
These coins are valuable.
(LV-predicate adj.)
Proper Adjectives
formed from a proper
noun and begins with
a capital letter
Islam- noun
Islamic law- Proper
Adjective