Download 2.1 Present tense of –ar verbs

2.1 Present tense of –ar verbs
ANTE TODO
 In order to talk about activities, you need to use verbs.
Verbs express actions or states of being.
 In English and Spanish, the infinitive is the base form
of the verb.
 In English, the infinitive is preceded by the word to:
to study, to be.
 The infinitive in Spanish is a one-word form and can
be recognized by its endings: –ar, –er, or –ir.
2.1 Present tense of –ar verbs
The infinitive
 Think of the endings –ar, -er, -ir as
translating into the word “to.”
 The stem of the verb tells the meaning.
estudiar = to study (infinitive)
 estudi = to study (stem)
 -ar = to
(ending)
2.1 Present tense of –ar verbs
Conjugation
 When we conjugate a verb, we change the
infinitive “to” and make it agree with the
subject.
• to study (infinitive)
• I study. The boy studies. (conjugated)
*Note: If the subject is a noun, we make it agree
with the pronoun. The boy = He
2.1 Present tense of –ar verbs
 In Spanish, we conjugate by dropping the
–ar, -er, or –ir ending and adding endings
that correspond with the subject.
 Just as in English, if the subject is a noun,
we choose the verb ending based on the
pronoun.
 La chica = Ella
2.1 Present tense of –ar verbs
Present tense of estudiar
estudiar (to study)
SINGULAR FORMS
yo
estudio
I study
tú
estudias
you study (fam.)
Ud. / él / ella
estudia
you (form.) / he / she studies
2.1 Present tense of –ar verbs
 Remember that there is no subject
pronoun for “it.” Therefore, in Spanish we
simply conjugate the verb in the third
person, singular.
 For –ar verbs, the ending is –a.
2.1 Present tense of –ar verbs
Present tense of estudiar
estudiar (to study)
PLURAL FORMS
nosotros/as
estudiamos
we study
vosotros/as
estudiáis
you study (fam.)
Uds. / ellos / ellas
estudian
you (form.) / they study
2.1 Present tense of –ar verbs
Common –ar verbs
bailar to dance
buscar to look for
caminar to walk
cantar to sing
cenar to have dinner
comprar to buy
contestar to answer
to converse, to
conversar chat
desayunar to have breakfast
descansar to rest
desear (+ inf.) to desire; to wish
dibujar to draw
enseñar to teach
escuchar to listen (to)
esperar (+ inf.) to wait (for); to hope
estudiar to study
2.1 Present tense of –ar verbs
explicar to explain
hablar to talk; to speak
preguntar to ask (a question)
preparar to prepare
llegar to arrive
regresar to return
llevar to carry
terminar to end; to finish
mirar to look (at); to watch
necesitar (+ inf.) to need
practicar to practice
tomar to take; to drink
trabajar to work
viajar to travel
2.1 Present tense of –ar verbs
¡ATENCIÓN!
 The Spanish verbs buscar, escuchar, esperar, and mirar
do not need to be followed by prepositions as they do in
English.
Busco la tarea.
Escucho la música.
I’m looking for the homework.
I’m listening to the music.
Espero el autobús.
Miro la pizarra.
I’m waiting for the bus.
I’m looking at the blackboard.
2.1 Present tense of –ar verbs
Compare and contrast
 Compare the verbs in the English sentences to the verb in
the Spanish equivalent.
Paco trabaja en la cafetería.
1. Paco works in the cafeteria.
2. Paco is working in the cafeteria.
3. Paco does work in the cafeteria.
 English uses three sets of forms to talk about the present:
1) the simple present (Paco works),
2) the present progressive (Paco is working),
3) the emphatic present (Paco does work).
 In Spanish, the simple present can be used in all three
cases. Note: In Spanish, we do not add “do”/ ”does.”
Instead, we simply use the present tense verb.
2.1 Present tense of –ar verbs
Compare and contrast
 In both Spanish and English, the present tense is also
sometimes used to express future action.
Marina viaja a Madrid mañana.
1. Marina travels to Madrid tomorrow.
2. Marina will travel to Madrid tomorrow.
3. Marina is traveling to Madrid tomorrow.
2.1 Present tense of –ar verbs
 In Spanish, as in English, when two verbs are used
together with no change of subject, the second verb is
generally in the infinitive.
Deseo hablar con don Francisco.
I want to speak with Don Francisco.
Necesitamos comprar cuadernos.
We need to buy notebooks.
2.1 Present tense of –ar verbs
 To make a sentence negative in Spanish, the word no
is placed before the conjugated verb.
 In this case, no means not.
Ellos no miran la televisión.
They don’t watch television.
Alicia no desea bailar ahora.
Alicia doesn’t want to dance now.
2.1 Present tense of –ar verbs
 Spanish speakers often omit subject pronouns because the
verb endings indicate who the subject is.
 In Spanish, subject pronouns are used for emphasis,
clarification, or contrast.
Clarification / Contrast
—¿Qué enseñan ellos?
—Ella enseña arte y él enseña física.
What do they teach?
She teaches art, and he teaches physics.
Emphasis
—¿Quién desea trabajar hoy?
—Yo no deseo trabajar hoy.
Who wants to work today?
I don’t want to work today.
2.1 Present tense of –ar verbs
¡INTÉNTALO! Provide the present tense forms of these verbs.
(hablar)
1. Yo ____ español.
2. Ellos ____ español.
3. Inés ____ español.
4. Nosotras ____ español.
5. Tú ____ español.
6. Los estudiantes ____ español.
7. Usted ____ español.
8. Javier y yo ____ español.
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2.1 Present tense of –ar verbs
¡INTÉNTALO! Provide the present tense forms of these verbs.
(trabajar)
1. Ustedes ____ mucho.
2. Juanita y yo ____ mucho.
3. Nuestra profesora ____ mucho.
4. Tú ____ mucho.
5. Yo ____ mucho.
6. Las chicas ____ mucho.
7. Él ____ mucho.
8. Tú y Álex ____ mucho.
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2.1 Present tense of –ar verbs
¡INTÉNTALO! Provide the present tense forms of these verbs.
(desear)
1. Usted ___ viajar.
2. Yo ___ viajar.
3. Nosotros ___ viajar.
4. Lourdes y Luz ___ viajar.
5. Tú ___ viajar.
6. Ella ___ viajar.
7. Marco y yo ___ viajar.
8. Ustedes ___ viajar.
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