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Verbals Verbs playing dress-up! Once upon a time, there was a verb named Swim! Hi! My name is “Swim”. Most of the time, Swim’s job was to be the verb of the sentence….. AV I swim. “Swim” in this sentence is an action verb, showing the action of the subject “I”. Being a verb all the time can be boring…… So, sometimes verbs play “dress-up” and pretend to be other parts of speech. I want to be a noun……. Boo! I am a NOUN! Subject LV Swimming is fun. In this sentence, Swim is not the verb. Swim is the subject of the sentence. When a verb pretends to be a noun, it becomes a GERUND. Subject LV Swimming is fun. Gerunds – verbs that act as nouns in a sentence. Gerunds will always end with “-ing” Gerunds, since they are nouns, can be in any part of sentence that a noun would normally be found. Subject Swimming is fun. Direct Object I love swimming. Predicate Noun His true passion is swimming. Appositive His sport, swimming, is cool. Object of a preposition After swimming, I went home. Appositive His sport, swimming, is cool. Being a noun can be boring too…… So, sometimes “Swim” likes to dress up as something else. Now, I want to be an adjective……. In this sentence, “swim” is not the verb, and it is not a noun. V ADJ OOP I went to the swimming pool. Blah, I am an adjective now! Blah! When a verb pretends to be an adjective, it is a PARTICIPLE. V ADJ OOP I went to the swimming pool. Participles – verbs that act as adjectives in a sentence. Participles end with “-ing” or “-ed” (past tense) PARTICIPLES, since they are adjectives can be in any part of a sentence where an adjective would usually be found, modifying a noun. I want to modify your noun! Blah! As a participial phrase, introductory clause Swimming to the shore, the campers finished their exercise. I modify the noun “campers” As a adjective verb adj (participle) My sister took swimming lessons over the summer. I modify the noun “lessons” Participles can also be in “–ed” form Swim needs help to do this part, so his friends Heat and Confuse will demonstrate! Thanks, guys! adj (participle) John loves heated pools. Verb form: heat adj (participle) Confused, Swim decided to dress up as something else. Verb form: confuse Being an adjective can be boring too…… So, sometimes “Swim” likes to dress up as something else. Now, I want a friend….. When Swim joins his buddy “To”, they form a verbal called an INFINITIVE. V infinitive phrase I like to swim. “To” and I are BFF’s! INFINITIVES can be found anywhere in a sentence, as nouns, adjectives or adverbs. And To and Swim will always be found together. Noun (Subject) To swim is my favorite pastime. Noun (DO) I decided to swim after school. Noun (PN) I am to swim after school. Noun (OOP) I was about to swim my laps. Noun (Appositive) Our plan to swim fifty laps was halted by the coach. INFINITIVES can also be adjectives adj She is the girl to swim tomorrow. We modify which girl is the one INFINITIVES can also be adverbs adv They went to swim in the ocean. We modify where they went Sometimes To has to go home… To! Come home to eat dinner! Ok. Hey, Swim, I’ll be back. Save my spot! TO Even though Swim is alone, To’s place is still there, so he is still an INFINITIVE. Inf (adj) I saw her swim at the meet Friday. (To is implied) I saw her to swim at the meet Friday. BE CAREFUL! To sometimes pretends to be a preposition……. Inf (DO) I went to swim. In disguise! (prep) I went to the swimming pool. So, what is a verbal?! A verbal is a word that is formed from a verb. Although they act like verbs in many ways – showing action, having modifiers, taking compliments – they are not used as verbs in the sentence. Instead they are used as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs.