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Adding Pronoun Constraints to a Grammar: Verbs and Pronouns • Present tense verbs occur in two forms: – singular: ‘eats’ – plural: ‘eat’ – only exception is ‘be’, which has a third form, ‘I am’ • Pronouns differ in person, number, and case: 1st person 2nd person 3rd person singular nominative accusative I me you you he, she, it him, her, it plural nominative accusative we us you you they them Constraints to be Captured • 3rd person singular pronouns in subject position occur with singular verb forms – He eats. *He eat. • other pronouns in subject position occur with plural verb forms – I eat. *I eats. They eat. *They eats. – ignore special case of ‘be’ – J&M treats ‘do’ as aux, so must include number agreement for aux • nominative pronouns occur in subject position – I eat. *Me eat. • accusative pronouns occur in object position and in PPs – Fred met him. *Fred met he. – Fred gave a letter to him. *Fred gave a letter to he. Split NP NP Pronoun | … becomes NP-nom-sing Pron-nom-sing | … Pron-nom-sing he | she | it NP-nom-pl Pron-nom-pl | … Pron-nom-pl I | you | we | they NP-acc Pron-acc | … Pron-acc me | you | him | her | it | us | them (ignore number agreement for nouns) Split VP VP Verb | Verb NP | Verb NP PP | Verb PP | Verb S | Verb to VP | VP and VP becomes VP-sing Verb-sing | Verb-sing NP-acc | Verb-sing NP-acc PP | Verb-sing PP | Verb-sing S | Verb-sing to VP | VP-sing and VP-sing VP-pl Verb-pl | Verb-pl NP-acc | Verb-pl NP-acc PP | Verb-pl PP | Verb-pl S | Verb-pl to VP | VP-pl and VP-pl VP VP-sing | VP-pl Require Accusative in other Object Positions PP Preposition NP-acc GerundVP GerundV | GerundV NP-acc | GerundV PP | GerundV NP-acc PP Enforce Number Agreement S NP VP | Aux NP VP | Wh-NP Aux NP VP | ... becomes S NP-nom-sing VP-sing | NP-nom-pl VP-pl | Aux-sing NP-nom-sing VP | Aux-pl NP-nom-pl VP | Wh-NP Aux-sing NP-sing VP | Wh-NP Aux-pl NP-pl VP | ...