Download OLH Unit 1

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OLH Unit 1
Introduction
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Words to Master
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antīqua, adj., ancient, old (antique)
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et, conj., and; et…et, both…and
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lāta, adj., broad, wide (latitude)
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lingua, -ae, f., tongue, language (linguist)
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māgna, adj., large, great (magnitude)
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multa, adj., much; pl., many (multitude)
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nōn, adv., not (nonentity)
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puella, -ae, f., “girl”
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pulchra, adj., pretty, beautiful (pulchritude)
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sed, conj., but
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via, -ae, f., road, street, way (viaduct)
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villa, -ae, f., farmhouse, country house, farm (villa)
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Sentence Patterns
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Via est (is) via Rōmāna (Roman).
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Via Rōmāna nōn est lāta.
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Via Rōmāna nōn est lāta sed est pulchra.
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Viae Rōmānae sunt (are) pulchrae sed sunt antīquae.
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Multae villae Rōmānae sunt magnae et pulchrae.
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Lingua Rōmāna est antīqua et pulchra.
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Viae et villae et puellae Rōmānae sunt pulchrae.
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The farmhouse is a Roman farmhouse.
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The Roman farmhouse is large and beautiful.
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Many farmhouses are broad and large.
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The Roman language is ancient, but it is (est) beautiful.
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The streets are not wide, but they are pretty.
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The Genitive Case
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The possessive case
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In English, possession or ownership is indicated by the letter
-s, used as either as –’s or –s’
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the farmer’s cottage/the cottage of the farmer (singular)
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the farmers’ cottage/the cottage of the farmers (plural)
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Possessive Adjectives
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mea: my
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tua: your (sing.)
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nostra: our
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vestra: your (pl.)
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Person, Number, and Gender
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Person
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1st Person: I, we
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2nd Person: you
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3rd Person: he, she, it, they
Number
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Singular (1)
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Plural (more than 1)
Gender
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Masculine
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Feminine
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Neuter
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Words to Master
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domina, -ae, f. “mistress, lady”
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fēmina, -ae, f. “woman” (feminine)
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incola, -ae, m. & f. “inhabitant” (colony)
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īnsula, -ae, f. “island” (insulate)
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lībera, adj. “free” (liberate)
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paene, adv. “almost”;
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paenīnsula, -ae, f. “peninsula”
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parva, adj., “small, little”
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patria, -ae, f., “fatherland, country, native land” (repatriate)
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-que, conj. “and”
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rēgīna, -ae, f. “queen”
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serva, -ae, f., “female slave, handmaid” (servile)
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terra, -ae, f. “earth, land, country” (territory)
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Sentence Patterns
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Amērica, patria nostra, est terra lībera māgnaque.
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Hibernia, terra lībera, est īnsula parva sed pulchra.
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Īnsula tua, Ō Rēgīna, est pulchra et lībera!
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Domina est incola Ītaliae; māgnae paenīnsulae.
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Patria mea est paenīnsula; patria tua nōn est paenīnsula.
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Homework: Translate into Latin
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The inhabitants of America are free.
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Beautiful Italy is almost an island.
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Greece, a country of Europe, is a small peninsula.
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The women of our native land are beautiful.
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O Lady, your slaves are small; my slaves are large.
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Verbs
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A verb is the MOST IMPORTANT word of a Latin sentence
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Linking Verbs
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Do not express feeling or action
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Verbs that LINK the subject with a noun or adjective in the
predicate
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*Nouns or adjectives that follow linking verbs are ALWAYS
nominative and agree with the subject
Action Verbs
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It tells what the subject does or what is done to the subject
Express action
Agreement
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A verb must agree with its subject in person (1st/2nd/3rd) and
number (singular/plural)
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Personal Endings
Singular
Plural
1st Person
-ō or -m (I)
-mus (we)
2nd Person
-s (you-s)
-tis (you-pl)
3rd Person
-t (he/she/it)
-nt (they)
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Conjugation of the verb SUM “to
be”
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SUM facts about SUM
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Any form of the verb sum may be used to link the predicate
noun or adjective with the subject
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The predicate nominative agrees with the subject in case, and
usually in gender and number
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The predicate adjective agrees with the subject in gender,
number, and case
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E.g., Italia est paeninsula. Italy is a peninsula.
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E.g., Europa et America sunt magnae. Europe and America are
large.
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The Ablative Case
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Used with certain prepositions, mostly “with, from, by, or in.”
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Ablative of Place Where
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Used when a noun is in the ablative case with the preposition in
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E.g., Rōma in Ītaliā est. Rome is in Italy.
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Practice
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Hibernia et Britannia sunt insul__.
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Patria nostr__ est terr__ liber__.
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Vit__ mea in silv__ magnā est libera.
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Non sum puell__ parv__.
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Estis amicae nostr__.
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Sum fili__ laeta agricol__.
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Es quoque amic__ naut__.
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In cas__ sunt multae serv__.
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Origins of Roman Mythology
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Numina: spirits attributed to
all forces of nature, whether
good or bad
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Images of numina created
and worshipped
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Priest led rites of worship
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Augurs: watched the flights of
birds with studied care
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Haruspices: examined the
entrails of animals in order to
interpret omens
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Practice Patterns
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The queen is beautiful.
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You are not little girls.
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We are farmers.
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I am happy in my hut.
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It is not a peninsula.
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Italy is a beautiful country.
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There are many large islands.
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We are not slaves but free.
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You (sing.) are happy in your hut.
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It is a large hut in the forest.
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Ablative Case; Ablative of Place
Where
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Practice Patterns
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In Amēricā vīta est laeta.
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Rōmae sunt multae viae.
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Agricolae in silvīs nōn sunt.
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In īnsulā fēminae pulchrae multaeque sunt.
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Athēnīs sunt servae.
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Amīca mea est in casā.
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Practice Patterns
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The girls are in the cottage.
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Athens is in Greece.
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On the island are many sailors.
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They live in Athens.
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The women are in the forest.
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My friends live in Rome.
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Words to Master
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agricola, -ae, m. farmer (agriculture)
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amīca, -ae, f. friend (amicable)
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casa, -ae, f. cottage, hut (casino)
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cum, prep. with abl., with, together, with
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fīlia, -ae, f., daughter;
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dat. and abl., fīliābus (filial)
in, prep. with abl., in, on;
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with acc., into, to, against
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laeta, adj., happy, glad, joyful
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laetitia, -ae, f., joy
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nauta, -ae, m., sailor (nautical)
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prōvincia, -ae, f., province (provincial)
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quoque, conj. also (never stands first in clause)
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silva, -ae, f., forest, woods (sylvan)
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vīta, -ae, f. life (vital)
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Voice, Mood, and Tense
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Voice: the way of speaking that shows whether
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The subject performs the action (ACTIVE)
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The subject receives the action (PASSIVE)
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The girl loves.
The girl is loved.
Mood: the manner of expressing the action of the verb as a
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Fact (INDICATIVE)
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Command (IMPERATIVE)
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Wish (SUBJUNCTIVE)
Tense: tells time
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There are 6 tenses in the indicative mood in both Latin and
English
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Present Tense
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(1) Simple present: I call = vocō
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(2) Progressive present: = I am calling = vocō
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(3) Emphatic present: I do call = vocō
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1st Conjugation
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Practice
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Conjugate the following verbs (1/person):
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amō, amāre: love, like
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ambulō, ambulāre: walk
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curō, curare: take care of
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habitō, habitāre: live, dwell
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laudō, laudāre: praise
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portō, portāre: carry
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spectō, spectāre: look at
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vocō, vocāre: call
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Homework
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Vocabulary quiz Thursday
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Latin Club Thursday
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Complete p. 21, Ex. B
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Words to Master
ad, prep. with acc., to, toward, near
ambulō (1) walk, march (perambulator)
amō (1) love, like (amiable)
bona, adj. good (bonus)
bene, adv. well (benefactor)
cūra, -ae, f. care (cure)
cūrō (1), take care of (curator)
habitō (1), live, dwell (habitation)
laudō (1) praise (laud)
misera, adj., wretched, unhappy, unfortunate (miserable)
portō (1) carry (portable)
spectō (1) look at, watch (spectator)
vocō (1) call, summon (vocation)
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The Dative Case
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The indirect object
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The noun or pronoun to or for whom something is given, shown,
or said
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The lady gives a rose to the slave.
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The lady gives the slave a rose.
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Ways of expressing “TO” in Latin
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(1) with the infinitive
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(2) with the indirect object
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to call (vocāre)
to the slave (servae)
(3) after verbs of motion toward
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to the hut (ad casam)
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The Dative Case Endings
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The First Declension
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Words to Master
alba (adj.) white (album)
cāra (adj.) dear (caress)
dē (prep with abl.) down from, concerning, about
dō (1) irreg. give (data)
ē, ex (prep. with abl.) out of, from
fābula, -ae, f. story, tale (fable)
narrō (1) tell, narrate (narrator)
nāvigō (1) sail, sail over (navigate)
pecūnia, -ae, f. money (pecuniary)
poēta, -ae, m. poet
prope (prep. with acc.) near; adv., nearly, almost
propinqua (adj.) near, nearby; with dat., near to (propinquity)
rogō (1) with two accusatives, ask, ask for, inquire (rogation)