Download Phrases - Cardinal Newman High School

Chapter 3: Phrases (pg. 145)
Prepositional Phrases
 Appositives
 Verbals

Prepositional Phrases pg. 147
Phrase: group of words that acts in a
sentence as a single part of speech.
 Prepositional Phrase: group of words that
begins w/ a prep. and ends w/ a noun or
pronoun, which is called an object of the
preposition.
 i.e. The staircase is too steep for Carol.
(Carol is the object of the prep. for)

Prepositional Phrases
 Adjectives
and other modifiers may be
placed between the object and prep.
 Prep. may have more than one object.
 i.e. The staircase leads to the
crowded, dusty attic and the roof.
(adj. added, two objects)
Prepositional Phrases
 A prepositional
phrase functions as an
adjective or adverb.
 Adjective Phrase: modifies a noun or
pronoun; usually follows the word it
modifies.
 i.e. Chris parked the car on the left.
 i.e. Which of the toys is downstairs?
Prepositional Phrases
 Adverb
Phrase: modifies a verb, an
adjective, or an adverb.
 i.e. At noon Ryan went to the game.
 i.e. Sarah told him that exercise is
healthy for him.
 i.e. Wyatt skates very well under
pressure.
Prepositional Phrases
An adverb phrase that modifies a verb may
appear in different places in a sentence.
 Samantha wore a shiny bracelet on her
wrist.
 On her wrist, Samantha wore a shiny
bracelet.
 Samantha wore on her wrist a shiny
bracelet.
 Now complete Practice on page 149.

Appositives pg. 149
Appositive: a noun or pronoun that is placed
next to another noun or pronoun to identify it
or give additional info about it.
 i.e. My friend Josh went to Michigan State.
 Appositive Phrase: an appositive plus any
words that modify the appositive.
 i.e. I am saving money to visit my family in
Calgary, the capital of Alberta.

Appositives
Use commas to set off any appositive or
appositive phrase that is not essential to the
meaning of the sentence.
 i.e. Jeff, Jeremy’s only brother, plays pro
lacrosse.
 Patrick’s friend Mike attended Lake Forest.
- the appositive is essential because
Patrick has more than one friend.

Appositives
Usually an appositive or appositive phrase
follows the noun or pronoun it identifies or
explains.
 Occasionally, an appositive or appositive
phrase precedes the noun or pronoun.
 i.e. An older brother, Ricky has always
been protective.

Verbals and Verbal Phrases pg. 151


1.
2.
3.
Verbal: a verb form that functions in a sentence
as a noun, an adjective, or an adverb.
Verbal Phrase: a verbal plus any complements
and modifiers.
Participles: verb form that functions as an
adjective.
Gerunds: verb form that ends in –ing that
functions as a noun.
Infinitives: verb form that is preceded by to and
is used as a noun, an adjective, or an adverb.
Participles pg. 151
Present Participles always end in –ing; i.e.
moving.
 Past Participles often end in –ed; i.e. striped.
 Past Participles can be irregularly formed
though; i.e. broken.
 Many commonly used adj. are actually participles
 When a participle is part of a verb phrase, the
participle is not functioning as an adj.
i.e. The teacher has confused our names.

Participle Phrases
Participle Phrase- a participle plus any modifiers
and complements.
 Participle phrases can be placed in various
positions, but they ALWAYS act as adj.
i.e. The dog saw many ducks swimming in the lake.
i.e. Barking loudly, the dog approached the water.
i.e. The ducks, startled by the noise, rose and flew
away.
i.e. The sorely disappointed dog returned home.

Gerunds pg. 153

Gerund- verb form that ends in –ing and is
used the same way a noun is used as…

Subject
Indirect Object
Direct Object
Object of a Preposition
Predicate Nominative
Appositive





Gerund Phrases
Gerund Phrase- gerund plus any modifiers
or complements.
 i.e. Down hill skiing is good exercise.
 i.e. Trey likes road biking.
 i.e. Kristin’s favorite sport is ice skating.
 Although both a gerund and participle end in
–ing, they function differently;
Gerunds are nouns and Participles are adj.!

Infinitives pg. 154
Infinitive- a verb form that is proceeded by
to and is used as a noun, adj., or adv.
 When you use to bf/ the base form of a
verb, to is not a preposition but the infinitive
form of the verb.
i.e. To stand can be uncomfortable.
i.e. They have the desire to win.
i.e. I was ready to leave.

Infinitive Phrase
Infinitive Phrase- an infinitive plus any
complements and modifiers.
i.e. We stopped to look at the beautiful
painting.
i.e. To be a good student is my goal.
i.e. Obedience school teaches dogs to
behave well.
