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Phrases
A PHRASE is a group of words which contains neither a
subject nor a verb.
A NounVerbals
is a person, place,
thing, or idea
An Adjective modifies
a noun or pronoun
verb
An Adverb modifies a
verb, adjective or another
adverb
 A verbal phrase is a verb form that wears a mask.
 It functions as a noun, adjective, or adverb.
Prepositional Phrases
A preposition links nouns, pronouns, and phrases to
other words in the sentence. A prepositional phrase is
not a verbal phrase, since it does not look like a verb!
Important notes about prepositions:
A PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE BEGINS WITH A PREPOSITION
AND ENDS WITH A NOUN OR PRONOUN CALLED THE
OBJECT OF THE PREPOSITION.
The subject is who or what is doing
the action.
THE SUBJECT OF THE SENTENCE CAN NEVER BE PART OF
A PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE.
A VERB CAN NEVER BE A PART OF A PREPOSITIONAL
PHRASE.
Prepositional Practice
Identify the prepositional phrase:
1. The librarian took from her desk a new edition
of one of the classics.
2. It was placed in the display case
in the corner of the library.
Appositive Phrases
An appositive is a noun or pronoun -- often with
modifiers -- set beside another noun or pronoun to explain
or identify it. An appositive phrase is
not a verbal phrase, since it does not look like a verb!
The insect, a cockroach, is crawling across the kitchen table.
The phrase is renaming the insect.
A hot-tempered tennis player, Robbie charged the umpire and tried to crack
the poor man's skull with a racket.
.
The phrase is renaming Robbie.
Infinitive Phrases
An infinitive phrase is a group of words made up of
an infinitive and …. An infinitive phrase is
a verbal phrase, since it does look like a verb!
Functions
Direct Object
Adverb
Complement
Adjective
We intended to leave early.
We must study to learn.
His ambition is to fly.
He lacked the strength to resist.
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Terms to know
 Subject complement
The word or clause
that follows a linking
verb and complements,
or completes, the
subject of the sentence
by either renaming it or
describing it.
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 Direct object
The noun that
receives the action
of the verb.
Infinitive Practice
Identify the infinitive phrase and tell how it is used:
1. To finish her shift without spilling another pizza into
a customer's lap is Michelle's only goal tonight.
Subject
2. Lakesha hopes to win the approval of her
mother by going to the family reunion.
Direct object
3. His hope is to win.
complement
The Gerund
A Gerund ends in -ing, and functions as a noun. It is
a verbal phrase, since it does look like a verb!
Functions
Subject
Swimming is my favorite activity.
Direct Object
I hope you appreciate my offering you this chance.
Complement
My favorite activity is sleeping.
Object of a Preposition
The police arrested him for speeding.
Gerund Practice
Identify the Gerund and tell how it is used:
1. Skydiving can be dangerous.
2. Singing is fun.
Subject
Subject
3. Walking around the zoo is a great form of
entertainment.
Subject
4. By saving, we will be able to care for our
families.
Object of preposition
The participle
A participle is a word/phrase used as an adjective and
most often ends in -ing or -ed. It is
a verbal phrase, since it does look like a verb!
Removing his coat, Jack rushed to his mother.
The phrase is an adjective modifying Jack.
Children introduced to music early become very intelligent.
.
The phrase is an adjective modifying which children.
Important notes about participles:
A participle is a verbal ending in -ing (present) or -ed, -en, -d, -t, or -n (past) that
functions as an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun.
A participial phrase consists of a participle plus modifier(s), object(s), and/or
complement(s).
Participles and participial phrases must be placed as close to the nouns
or pronouns they modify as possible, and those nouns or pronouns must
be clearly stated.
Avoid dangling participles
A participial phrase is set off with commas when it:
a) comes at the beginning of a sentence
b) interrupts a sentence as a nonessential element
c) comes at the end of a sentence and is separated from the word it
modifies.