* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download noun
Udmurt grammar wikipedia , lookup
Macedonian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Navajo grammar wikipedia , lookup
Georgian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Ukrainian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Modern Greek grammar wikipedia , lookup
Comparison (grammar) wikipedia , lookup
Lithuanian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Old Norse morphology wikipedia , lookup
Kannada grammar wikipedia , lookup
Old Irish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Serbo-Croatian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Swedish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Japanese grammar wikipedia , lookup
Portuguese grammar wikipedia , lookup
Modern Hebrew grammar wikipedia , lookup
Compound (linguistics) wikipedia , lookup
Chinese grammar wikipedia , lookup
Malay grammar wikipedia , lookup
Russian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Romanian nouns wikipedia , lookup
Preposition and postposition wikipedia , lookup
Spanish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Romanian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Scottish Gaelic grammar wikipedia , lookup
Latin syntax wikipedia , lookup
Arabic grammar wikipedia , lookup
Ancient Greek grammar wikipedia , lookup
Russian declension wikipedia , lookup
Zulu grammar wikipedia , lookup
French grammar wikipedia , lookup
Determiner phrase wikipedia , lookup
Yiddish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Pipil grammar wikipedia , lookup
Esperanto grammar wikipedia , lookup
BRUSH STROKES Objective of “Brushstrokes”: • To enable students to vary sentence structure (syntax) in their writing • Based on the concept that children acquire much of their grammatical knowledge through imitation • Students learn to use complex grammatical structures in their own writing through imitating sentence patterns. from Image Grammar by Harry Noden Action Verbs use strong action verbs (action words) to go from passive voice to active voice delete the “BE” verbs (am, is, are, was, were) - Use limp, skip, jump, roll, slide, glide, fall, soar, collapse, bounce, eject, scavenge, spin, rotate The creepy long snake slithered through the tall grass. The gravel road curled around the mountain. An old rancher rambled through the field on his tractor. Prepositional Phrase a phrase that begins with a preposition (words that indicate location) and ends with a noun (a person, place, thing, or idea) or pronoun - with her puppies preposition noun The puppy is in the The puppy is on the floor. trashcan. The puppy is beside the phone. prepositional phrases • Review in grammar workbook – starting on p. 141 • Prepositional phrases function as adjectives and adverbs in sentences. Appositive/Appositive Phrase a noun (a person, place, thing, or idea) or noun phrase (a noun plus adjectives or prepositional phrases to describe the noun)) that renames the noun before it • The insect, a cockroach, is crawling across the kitchen table. • The insect, a large cockroach, is crawling across the kitchen table. • The insect, a large cockroach with hairy legs, is crawling across the kitchen table. Note: there will never be a verb in an appositive or appositive phrase Participial Phrase -ing or -ed form of a verb (action word) followed by a prepositional phrase or an adverb foaming at the mouth frozen with terror singing loudly frightened by the thunder frightened terribly by the thunder Carrying a heavy pile of books, he caught his foot on a step. Arriving at the store, I found that it was closed. Embarrassed by his sister, Frank hid from the other kids. Smiling, she hugged the panting dog. Participial phrases function as adjectives; they are never the main verb of the sentence. Present and past participles alone can also function as adjectives. Smiling, she hugged the panting dog. Frightened, the boogey man checked under his bed for Chuck Norris. The laughing children ran around the park. The exhausted father welcomed his wife home from her weekend trip to Vegas. Adjectives out of Order placing adjectives (a word that describes a noun or pronoun) after the noun; out-of-order - parched and hungry adjective The cheese pizza, hot and appetizing, The actor, costumed and focused, delivered a left us with desire. wonderful performance. The tiger, hungry and majestic, devoured us with his eyes. • The dented, rusty car went into the parking lot. • (typical order - adjectives before the noun they modify) • The car, dented and rusty, went into the parking lot. • (adjectives out of order) Shifting the adjectives after the noun makes them more powerful than placing them before the noun. This change also puts more emphasis on the adjectives and slows down the rhythm of the sentence. Noun Absolutes In 6th grade, you learned that a noun absolute is: a noun (a person, place, thing, or idea) + an “-ing” verb (action word) at the beginning of a sentence - paws curling noun + “-ing” verb Paws curling, the dog yawned. Head rising, the snake threatened the rat. In 7th grade, you expanded your understanding of noun absolutes to include: Definition: a noun absolute is a phrase. Basically it is a noun (or pronoun) + _________________ (another grammatical structure functioning as an adjective) For example: a. noun + adjective or adjective phrase Ex: His research complete, he began to write his report. Ex: His face red with embarrassment, the coach finally found his whistle. b. noun + present participle Ex: Tires screeching, John braked to avoid the dog in the road. c. noun ( or pronoun) + past participle Ex: These issues resolved, the principal turned his attention to the budget. That said, the teacher began the review. His face twisted in hatred, the killer wildly stabbed his victim. d. noun + prepositional phrase Ex: He lay on the pine-needled floor of the forest, his chin on his folded arms, and dreamed about adventures. Ex: Pencil in hand, the child attacked the DBA test with determination. e. noun + noun Ex: Our opponent has chosen to ignore scientific principles, his theories a wish list of insupportable propositions. Ex: The defendant thought he would win the trial, his sister the only witness to the murder.