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Chapter 7
Gerunds
Infinitives
Vocabulary Preview
• Consider • Avoid -
Think about
Stay Away from
Gerunds
• When a verb ends in -ing, it may be a gerund or a
present participle. It is important to understand that
they are not the same.
• When we use a verb in -ing form more like a noun, it
is usually a gerund:
– Fishing is fun.
• When we use a verb in -ing form more like a verb or
an adjective, it is usually a present participle:
– Anthony is fishing.
– I have a boring teacher.
Gerunds
• Every gerund ends in ing.
• Gerunds function as nouns.
– Smoking costs a lot of money.
– I don't like writing.
– My favorite occupation is reading.
Gerunds
• Do you see the difference in these two sentences?
In one, "reading" is a gerund (noun). In the other
"reading" is a present participle (verb).
• My favorite occupation is reading. = Gerund
(noun)
• My favorite niece is reading. = Present Participle
(verb)
Gerunds
• A gerund can also have an object itself.
• [gerund + object] can be the subject, object
or complement of the sentence.
– Smoking cigarettes costs a lot of money.
– I don't like writing letters.
– My favorite occupation is reading detective
stories.
Gerunds
Gerund as Subject:
Watching TV is my favorite way to relax.
Gerund as Object:
I’m thinking about getting married.
Gerunds
• I dislike ______ to the movies by myself.
a. to go
b. going
c. to go/going
• I started ______ dinner without you.
a. eating
b. to eat
c. eating/to eat
• I can’t imagine ________my own house.
a. buying
b. to buy
Gerunds
• When do you practice ______ the piano.
a. playing
b. to play
c. playing/to play
Infinitives
• To sneeze, to smash, to cry, to shriek, to
jump, to dunk, to read, to eat, to slurp—all
of these are infinitives. An infinitive will
almost always begin with to followed by the
simple form of the verb, like this:
• to + verb = infinitive
• Important Note: Because an infinitive is not
a verb, you cannot add s, es, ed, or ing to
the end. Ever!
Infinitives
• Infinitives can be used as nouns, adjectives, or
adverbs. Look at these examples:
• To sleep is the only thing Eli wants after his
double shift waiting tables at the
neighborhood café.
– To sleep functions as a noun because it is the subject of
the sentence.
• No matter how fascinating the biology
dissection is, Emanuel turns his head and
refuses to look.
– To look functions as a noun because it is the direct
object for the verb refuses.
Infinitives
• Wherever Melissa goes, she always brings a
book to read in case conversation lags or
she has a long wait.
– To read functions as an adjective because it modifies
book.
• Richard braved the icy rain to throw the
smelly squid eyeball stew into the apartment
dumpster.
– To throw functions as an adverb because it explains why
Richard braved the inclement weather.
Infinitives
Practice
• The kids hope ____ for dinner.
a. making pizza
b. to make pizza
• Do you really intend ___ for
breakfast?!
a. making pizza
b. to make pizza
Look on page 94
Grammar
Verb + Gerund
Avoid
Consider
Enjoy
Keep on
Practice
Qui
Stop
Think about
_______ ing
Look on page 94
Grammar
Verb + Infinitive
Decide
Learn
to _______
Look on page 94
Grammar
Gerund as Subject
Watching TV is my favorite way to relax.
Gerund as Object
I’m thinking about getting married.
Page 82
My Favorite Way to Relax
A. Do you like to watch TV?
B. Yes. I enjoy watching TV very much.
Watching TV is my favorite way to relax.
1.)
you
paint
A. Do you like to paint?
B. Yes. I enjoy painting very
much.
Painting is my favorite
way to relax.
In class:
• Side by Side
– Page 82 #1-9
Page 84
She Hates to Drive Downtown
Like to work
Like working
•
hate to work
hate working
_______
avoid working
Does Helen like to drive downtown?
driving
B. No. She hates to drive downtown.
driving
Page 84
She Hates to Drive Downtown
1. Albert
travel by plane
A. Does Albert like to travel by plane?
B. No. He hates to travel by plane.
Or
A. Does Albert like traveling by plane?
B. No. He hates traveling by plane.
In class:
• Side by Side
– Page 84 #1-9
WIP – 10 minutes
• What do you enjoy doing?
• What do you avoid doing whenever you
can?
Practice:
Gerunds &Infinitives
• http://www.english-zone.com/grammar/gerinf01.html
Bad Habits
page 85
Jill’s co-workers always tell her to stop eating
junk food. They think that eating junk food
is unhealthy. Jill knows that, but she still
keeps on eating junk food. She wants to
stop, but she can’t. Eating junk food is a
bad habit she just can’t break.
Bad Habits
page 85
Vincent’s friends always tell him to stop
gossiping. They think that gossiping isn’t
nice. Vincent knows that, but he still keeps
on gossiping. He wants to stop, but he
can’t. Gossiping is a habit he just can’t
break.
Bad Habits
page 85
Jennifer’s parents always tell her to stop
interrupting people while they’re talking.
They think that interrupting people is very
rude. Jennifer knows that, but she still
keeps on interrupting people. She wants to
stop, but she can’t. Interrupting people is a
habit she just can’t break.
Bad Habits
page 85
Walter’s wife always tells him to stop talking
about business all the time. She thinks that
talking about business all the time is boring.
Walter knows that, but he still keeps on
talking about business. He wants to stop,
but he can’t. Talking about business is a
habit he just can’t break.
WIP – 10 minutes
How About You?
page 85
Do you have any habits you “just can’t
break”? Tell about them.
Yes, my habit that I just can’t break is chocolate chip cookie
dough icecream.
My friend always tell me to stop eating chocolate chip cookie
dough icecream every night. She thinks that eating a lot of
icecream is bad for me and is very expensive to buy gallon of
icecream every week. I know that, but I still keep on eating it.
I want to stop, but I can’t. Eating icecream is a habit I just
can’t break.
Page 86
Start to swim
learn to swim
______
Start swimming _________
practice swimming
to swim
=
Infinitive
Start swimming
=
Gerund as object
Page 86
• Example:
A. How did you learn to swim so well?
B. Well, I started
to swim
when I was young.
swimming
A. I envy you. I’ve never swum before.
B. I’ll be glad to teach you how.
A. Thank you. But isn’t swimming very difficult?
B. Not at all. After you practice swimming a few times,
you’ll probably swim as well as I do.
Page 87
1. draw
draw
A. How did you learn to ____________
so well?
draw
B. Well, I started to ________
when I was young.
drawing
__________
drawn before.
A. I envy you. I’ve never _______
B. I’ll be glad to teach you how.
A. Thank you. But isn’t drawing
_______very difficult?
drawing a few times,
B. Not at all. After you practice _______
draw
probably ___________
as well as I do.
In class:
• Side by Side
– Page 87 #1-6