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Structure Notes: futuro y Potencial Structure: IR + A + Infinitive • To discuss what is going to happen or what someone is going to do, use the IR + A + Infinitive • An INFINITIVE is an unconjugated or unchanged verb. • IR means to go and its forms include: Voy, Vas, Va, Vamos, Van. • Examples: – Voy a acechar el animal. I’m going to stalk the animal. – Vamos a cazar los tigres. We’re going to hunt the tigers. Structure: The Future tense • The future tense is used when discussing what will happen or what someone will do. • The true future tense (will) is used to describe events that are a little further away in the mind of the speaker. • All AR/ER/IR verbs take the following endings attached to the INFINITIVE: – Hablaré, Hablarás, hablará, hablaremos, hablarán. – Comeré, comerás, comerá, comeremos, comerán. • There are several irregular verbs in the future tense; the only thing to remember is the different stem. The endings are the same! DECIR -- diré SABER -- sabré PODER -- podré PONER -- pondré TENER -- tendré SALIR -- saldré CABER -- cabré VALER -- valdré HABER -- habré VENIR -- vendré QUERER – querré HACER -- haré Structure: The Conditional tense The Conditional tense is used to explain what would happen in a hypothetical situation. I would go to the movies if I had money. It is also used commonly to describe an action subsequent to another past action or to a time in the past. My friends told me they would come to the party later. The Conditional is also used to make a polite or softened request. I would like to speak to the manager, please. To form the conditional, take the infinitive and add: ía, ías, ía, íamos, ían DECIR -- diría PODER -- podría TENER -- tendría CABER -- cabría HABER -- habría QUERER – querría SABER -- sabría PONER -- pondría SALIR -- saldría VALER -- valdría VENIR -- vendría HACER -- haría Structure: Adverbs • Adverbs are used to modify or qualify verbs, adjectives, or even other adverbs. • These words help to describe how, where, or with what intensity or purpose something was done. • There are several different types of adverbs: A. Adverbs formed from Adjectives B. “Stand Alone” adverbs C. Adverbial phrases • The following pages will address each type. Structure: Adverbs formed from Adjectives • By taking the feminine form of an adjective and adding the suffix (ending) “mente,” you form an adverb. • This suffix “mente” is the equivalent of adding “ly” to an adjective (Quick Quickly). – Rápido=fast/quick and to change to “quickly”: – Rápido Rápida + mente = rápidamente • If there is more than one “mente” adverb in a sentence, simply drop the suffix from the first one. – Yo como rápida y furiosamente. I eat quickly and furiously. • Multiple “mente” words are not typically used in a single Spanish sentence. Structure: “Stand alone” adverbs • Many adverbs in Spanish are totally independent words and are not formed from adjectives. • Here is a list of very common adverbs. Abajo = down mal = poorly, badly Afuera = outside temprano = early Ahora = now mucho = a lot, often Ayer = yesterday muy = very Arriba = up nunca = never Así = so, thus (un)poco = a little/infrequently Hoy = today siempre = always Bien = fine, well (más) tarde = late ® Mejor = better Peor = worse Structure: Adverbial Phrases • By combining a preposition with a noun, you can form an adverbial phrase. • Nouns will combine with three different prepositions: “a” , “con” , “en” • Other phrases use nouns combined with adjectives • Common Adverbial Phrases: A menudo= often A veces = sometimes Con cariño = Affectionately rara vez = rarely todos los días = everyday con cuidado = carefully en cambio=on the other hand en ritmo = rhythmically de vez en cuando = once in a while Structure: Sequential Vocabulary • To explain the order of events in Spanish, use Sequential Vocabulary. • Vocabulary Words: Primero= first por fin= finally Entonces= then antes (de) = before Luego= later después (de) = after • When a noun or infinitive follows antes or después, use the preposition de.