Download Diapositiva 1

Structure Notes:
futuro y Potencial
Structure: IR + A + Infinitive
• To discuss what is going to happen or what someone is
going to do, use the IR + A + Infinitive
• An INFINITIVE is an unconjugated or unchanged verb.
• IR means to go and its forms include: Voy, Vas, Va, Vamos,
Van.
• Examples:
– Voy a acechar el animal. I’m going to stalk the animal.
– Vamos a cazar los tigres. We’re going to hunt the tigers.
Structure: The Future tense
• The future tense is used when discussing what will happen or
what someone will do.
• The true future tense (will) is used to describe events that are a
little further away in the mind of the speaker.
• All AR/ER/IR verbs take the following endings attached to the
INFINITIVE:
– Hablaré, Hablarás, hablará, hablaremos, hablarán.
– Comeré, comerás, comerá, comeremos, comerán.
• There are several irregular verbs in the future tense; the only
thing to remember is the different stem. The endings are the
same!
DECIR -- diré
SABER -- sabré
PODER -- podré
PONER -- pondré
TENER -- tendré
SALIR -- saldré
CABER -- cabré
VALER -- valdré
HABER -- habré
VENIR -- vendré
QUERER – querré
HACER -- haré
Structure: The Conditional tense
 The Conditional tense is used to explain what would happen
in a hypothetical situation.
 I would go to the movies if I had money.
 It is also used commonly to describe an action subsequent to
another past action or to a time in the past.
 My friends told me they would come to the party later.
 The Conditional is also used to make a polite or softened
request.
 I would like to speak to the manager, please.
 To form the conditional, take the infinitive and add:
ía, ías, ía, íamos, ían
DECIR -- diría
PODER -- podría
TENER -- tendría
CABER -- cabría
HABER -- habría
QUERER – querría
SABER -- sabría
PONER -- pondría
SALIR -- saldría
VALER -- valdría
VENIR -- vendría
HACER -- haría
Structure: Adverbs
• Adverbs are used to modify or qualify verbs, adjectives, or
even other adverbs.
• These words help to describe how, where, or with what
intensity or purpose something was done.
• There are several different types of adverbs:
A. Adverbs formed from Adjectives
B. “Stand Alone” adverbs
C. Adverbial phrases
• The following pages will address each type.
Structure:
Adverbs formed from Adjectives
• By taking the feminine form of an adjective and adding the
suffix (ending) “mente,” you form an adverb.
• This suffix “mente” is the equivalent of adding “ly” to an
adjective (Quick  Quickly).
– Rápido=fast/quick and to change to “quickly”:
– Rápido  Rápida + mente = rápidamente
• If there is more than one “mente” adverb in a sentence,
simply drop the suffix from the first one.
– Yo como rápida y furiosamente. I eat quickly and furiously.
• Multiple “mente” words are not typically used in a single
Spanish sentence.
Structure: “Stand alone” adverbs
• Many adverbs in Spanish are totally independent words
and are not formed from adjectives.
• Here is a list of very common adverbs.
Abajo = down
mal = poorly, badly
Afuera = outside
temprano = early
Ahora = now
mucho = a lot, often
Ayer = yesterday
muy = very
Arriba = up
nunca = never
Así = so, thus
(un)poco = a little/infrequently
Hoy = today
siempre = always
Bien = fine, well
(más) tarde = late ®
Mejor = better
Peor = worse
Structure: Adverbial Phrases
• By combining a preposition with a noun, you can form an
adverbial phrase.
• Nouns will combine with three different prepositions: “a” ,
“con” , “en”
• Other phrases use nouns combined with adjectives
• Common Adverbial Phrases:
A menudo= often
A veces = sometimes
Con cariño = Affectionately
rara vez = rarely
todos los días = everyday
con cuidado = carefully
en cambio=on the other hand
en ritmo = rhythmically
de vez en cuando = once in a
while
Structure:
Sequential Vocabulary
• To explain the order of events in Spanish,
use Sequential Vocabulary.
• Vocabulary Words:
Primero= first
por fin= finally
Entonces= then
antes (de) = before
Luego= later
después (de) = after
• When a noun or infinitive follows antes or
después, use the preposition de.