Download Parts of Speech - Flagstaff High School

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*
* Person, place, thing, or idea
* Nouns can be common or proper
* Common: ninjas, beets, gnomes, glitter
* Proper: Gandalf, Speak, Gotham City, Pirates of
the Caribbean
*
* Concrete: things you can see or touch
* Unicorns, jellybeans, puppies
* Abstract: things you can’t see or touch
* Hope, fear, faith, love
*
*Position in a sentence
* Perform an action (subject)
* Have an action done to them (object)
* Follow words like “a”, “an”,“the” and possessive
pronouns like “his”, “her”, “their”, “your”
* Ex: The man threw a frisbee to the dog.
* Ex: I found your cat in the dryer.
*Plurals
* Only nouns can be singular or plural
* My llama loves Oreos.
* Llamas love Oreos.
*
* Subject: noun that is doing the action
* Ex: Our family loved spending afternoons in the
park.
* Direct Object: noun receiving the action
* Ex: We would often eat our lunch there.
* Indirect Object: noun receiving the direct
object
* We can give Martha the tickets to the game.
*
* Personal: refers to specific people, places, or things
* I, you, we, she, they
* Indefinite: do not stand in for specific nouns
* Everybody, some, everyone
* Relative: relate groups of words to nouns or other
pronouns
* Who, whoever, which, that
* Ex: The book that won is a novel.
* Demonstrative: identify or point to nouns
* This, that
* Ex: This is a problem.
*
* Words that express an action OR a state of
being.
* Every sentence has at least one verb.
The water is calm.
Fly
*
* Some express an action you can observe
(concrete)
* Ex: Slide, giggle, carry
* Ex: George Lucas wrote and directed Star Wars. His
ideas for plot came from Hollywood Westerns and
the myths of many cultures.
* Others express an action you usually can’t see
(abstract)
* Worry, dislike, appreciate
* My mom always worries if I come home late.
*
* Do not express action
* Also known as linking verbs
* The verb “be” is one of the most important
* “Be” has many forms:
* Am, are, is, was, were etc.
* Ex: The mantis shrimp is an undersea nightmare and one of
the most creatively violent animals on earth.
* Ex: Their limbs are so resilient,
researchers have been using their cell
structure for use in the development
of advanced body armor.
*
* Modify/describe verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs
* Often signaled by an “-ly” at the end of the word.
* Ex: Quickly, quietly, creepily, happily
* Answer the questions:
* How?
* When?
* Where?
* To what extent?
* Common adverbs that don’t end in “–ly”
* Almost, always, also, not, still, too, well
*
* Positive: modifies the verb without making a
comparison
* Ex: Performing fleas train vigorously.
* Comparative:
* Ex: Jumping frogs train more vigorously than
performing fleas.
* Superlative:
* Ex: Mrs. Braun’s frog is the most vigorously
trained amphibian in the world.
*
* Describe/modify nouns and pronouns.
* They give the following information:
* What kind? – gray clouds, crisp apple, quiet pond
* How many? – three weeks, several mistakes
* How much? – less noise, more dessert
* Which one? – first answer, this jacket, next year
* Proper adjectives, which come from proper nouns,
always begin with a capital letter.
* Ex: Shakespearean sonnet; Mexican fiesta, Democratic
candidate
* Many adj. come right before the noun they
modify.
* The exception: Predicate adjectives, which follow
a linking verb to modify the subject of a sentence.
* Ex: The ocean looks blue and clear.
* Ex: The tulips are purple.
*
* A, an, and the are considered adjectives
* A, an = indefinite articles
* The = definite article
*
* Show position or direction
* Give more information
* Explain relationships
Above
Beside
Through
Below
*
* Of
* In
* To
* For
* With
* On
* At
* From
* By
* Through
Over
Between
Out
During
Before
Under
After
Around
About
Into
*
* Prepositions always exist in a phrase
* Begins with a preposition and ends with an
object (noun)
* Ex: I saw a bird in the tree.
* Tip: Always eliminate all prepositional phrases
before identifying subjects
*
* 1. Visualize the word
* Ex: In the box, on the box, over the box, under
the box, behind the box, beside the box, near
the box
* 2. Think of an event in time
* Ex: Before breakfast, during breakfast, after
breakfast, between breakfast and lunch
* 3. Think of movement
* Ex: To school, from school, run around the school
*
* Connect ideas or join words, phrases, or clauses
* Coordinating: Only conjunctions that can be used to
join two complete sentences
* For
* And
* Nor
* But
* Or
* Yet
* So
* Subordinate: Join independent and dependent
clauses
* AAAWWUBBIS – most common
* as, after, although, while, when, until, before,
because, if, since
* Some prepositions also function as subordinating
conjunctions: after, as, before, since, until
* A subordinating conjunction will be followed by
both a subject and a verb
* Ex: Before I eat these frog legs
*
* Subject: The noun that is doing the action in
the sentence
* Ex: Coconino High School has the best students.
* Predicate: The verb of the sentence
* Ex: Coconino High School has the best students.
* Complete subject: the subject and all of its
modifiers (adjectives, prepositional phrases
etc).
* Ex: The eagle on the Great Seal holds a motto in
its beak.
* Complete predicate: the verb and all its
modifiers
* Ex: The eagle on the Great Seal holds a motto in
its beak.
*
* First person: I, we
* Takes a singular verb
* Ex: I love cookies.
* Second person:
you
* Takes a singular verb
* Ex: You love cookies.
* Third person: he, she, it, they
* Singular (he, she, it) takes a plural verb
* Ex: He loves cookies.
* Plural (they) takes a singular verb
* Ex: They love cookies.
*
* Singular subject takes a plural verb
* Ex: The baby cries all night.
* Plural subject takes a singular verb
* Ex: The babies cry all night.