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PARTS of SPEECH Grammar Unit 1 noun verb gerund inifinitive adjective adverb pronoun preposition interjection conjunction Intermediate Writers Workshop Rode 2010 Noun Nouns Exist Person boy Place beach Thing pail Grammar Unit 1 Parts of Speech Noun A noun or The noun Person The boy Place A beach Thing An orange Grammar Unit 1 Parts of Speech Noun Nouns can often be Counted One boy Two grandmas Seven seas Twelve months A dozen oranges 24 hours Grammar Unit 1 Parts of Speech Noun Person: Proper or Common noun Carlotta, Mrs. Brooks, Dr. Jong … Dr. Jong practices acupuncture. (capitalize proper nouns) the doctor, the girlfriend, my mother … I had an appointment with my doctor. Grammar Unit 1 Parts of Speech Noun Place: Proper or Common Hopkins Hopkins High School, the Royals … High School is a school of excellence. (capitalize proper nouns) the high school, a store, my soda… I love this high school. Grammar Unit 1 Parts of Speech Noun Thing: Object or Idea table, window, figurine, storm … The table broke. (Can you put it in your pocket?) wealth, love, indignation, personality, fairness, unity, commitment … She accumulated a great deal of wealth. The group’s unity was obvious. Grammar Unit 1 Parts of Speech Verb Linking Verbs Subject is described by a noun or adjective Subject = Noun or Adj IS ARE WAS WERE BE AM BEEN Grammar Unit 1 Grandma is wealthy. They are singers. She was a lawyer. They were late. He will be famous. I am a generous person. Bingo has been sick. Parts of Speech Verb Linking Verbs Be and Been need additional linking verbs Subject = Noun or Adj WILL SHALL CAN MAY Grammar Unit 1 WOULD SHOULD COULD MIGHT He will be famous. He could be famous. Bingo has been sick. Bingo had been sick. He might have been famous. He has had lots of fame. Bingo may be sick. Bingo should have been sick. HAS HAVE HAD Parts of Speech Verb Action Verbs The subject is doing something I run. Mina runs. Juan ran. The track star is running. The leopard has run a mile. Bingo had been running. They will run. He would have run. Grammar Unit 1 Parts of Speech Gerund A kind of Noun Verb + ing = Gerund replace with “this activity” Abdi and Beth love running. Everyone should try reading for pleasure. put a possessive noun in front Ms. Gotschell’s teaching should improve each year. Deeply Royal’s dancing was outstanding at the pep fest. Grammar Unit 1 Parts of Speech Gerund or Verb? Be careful! Verb + ing = Verb I am break dancing. (I am doing something.) Verb + ing = Gerund I enjoy break dancing. (an activity – a noun – a thing). Grammar Unit 1 Parts of Speech Adjective Tells more about Nouns Ask: What kind of noun? gentle bear mother bear What color noun? white bear Grammar Unit 1 How many nouns? one bear seven bears sixty bears 200 bears brown bear Parts of Speech Adverb Tells more about Verbs Ask: How did it verb? Where did it verb? fast. The report went beautifully. News travels She practiced anywhere. The drummer lives locally. When did it verb? They performed yesterday. Their costume change happened quickly. Grammar Unit 1 Parts of Speech Adverb Tells more about Adverbs Ask: How adverb was it? too slowly. The the rabbit ran so gracefully. My first day went quite well. The group played very loudly. The turtle moved Grammar Unit 1 Parts of Speech Adverb Tells more about Adjectives Ask: How adjective was it? very exciting. The paintings are so beautiful. The star is quite bright. The band was incredibly loud. The race was Grammar Unit 1 Parts of Speech Pronoun Personal Pronouns Basic List Other Pronouns He She It I You We They Grammar Unit 1 Him, his, himself Her, hers, herself Its, itself Me, mine, myself Your, yours, yourself Us, our, ourselves Them, their, theirs, themselves Parts of Speech Pronoun Indefinite Pronouns ? ? ? Ask: Who? (but we won’t know for sure) Basic List Other Suffixes Ask Who What Where Someone Everyone Anyone No one Grammar Unit 1 -body -place -where -thing -time Parts of Speech Preposition Ask where? on under through beside around near to Grammar Unit 1 next to around inside of against between up down aboard across along beyond toward within out of Parts of Speech Preposition Ask when? before after until since during at around Grammar Unit 1 Parts of Speech Preposition Ask what is the relationship? by for to with about because of Grammar Unit 1 Parts of Speech Prepositional Phrase Preposition + Noun on the log through the woods after the storm during dinner by the author with my mom Grammar Unit 1 Parts of Speech Infinitive A kind of Verb Phrase To + Verb = Infinitive Put “I like” in front I like to run. I like to write letters. I like to read. I like to sing. Grammar Unit 1 Parts of Speech Prepositional Phrase or Infinitive? Be careful! To + verb = Infinitive to write To + noun = Prepositional Phrase I gave the letter to Mom. Frodo is coming to my house. Harry was stuck to the wall. Grammar Unit 1 Parts of Speech Conjunction Coordinating Conjunctions Connect two or more sentences Must use a comma Must have two subjects on either side , and my scarf flew away. Either you can catch it, or you can buy a new one. We were late, but they let us in anyway. The wind blew Grammar Unit 1 Parts of Speech Conjunction Subordinating Conjunctions Fragment, but has subject & verb Begins a Dependent Clause Needs Independent Clause I was sad because the car ran over her. Take me with you if you go to see how she’s doing. Whenever I think of Lassie, I cry. Grammar Unit 1 Parts of Speech Interjection Show reaction or emotion Not necessary to the sentence An alternative to swearing Ouch! That hurt! You did not! No way! Heck, I made the shot! Grammar Unit 1 Cool! Parts of Speech THE END Grammar Unit 1 noun verb gerund inifinitive adjective adverb pronoun preposition interjection conjunction Intermediate Writers Workshop Rode 2009