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Language A way of putting words together to communicate your ideas How do you communicate your ideas? • You include 2 parts: – What idea are you talking about? – What are you saying about that idea? • Practice: – White clouds floated over my head. – The engineer designed a building. – Leonardo painted a beautiful painting. Sentence • How you describe your idea using the 2 parts forms a sentence. • what you are talking about = Complete Subject • what you are saying about it = Complete Predicate Complete Subjects (What the idea is about) Complete Predicates (What we are saying about the subject) 1. The crane fishes patiently in the lake. 2. They would banish us. 3. The people could fly. 4. Crick and Watson discovered DNA. 5. I loved my parents. 6. Lenny is a boy in class. 7. That day was one of the coldest. 8. He had grown beautiful flowers. 9. She had a lovely smile. 10. I am. Complete Subjects (What the idea is about) Complete Predicates (What we are saying about the subject) 1. The crane fishes patiently in the lake. 2. They would banish us. 3. The people could fly. 4. Crick and Watson discovered DNA. 5. I loved my parents. 6. Lenny is a boy in class. 7. That day was one of the coldest. 8. He had grown beautiful flowers. 9. She had a lovely smile. 10. I am. Let’s Practice Complete Subjects Complete Predicates (What the idea is about) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. The dog The red laser beam Friendship __________ __________ __________ The people of ancient Rome The best song ______________ ______________ (What we are saying about the subject) ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ shone across the sea. quietly munched bamboo shoots. climbed about the ship. __________________ __________________ is my favorite T.V. show. ran down the hall. How Many? • How many students are in our class? • How many classes do you have in a day? • How many kinds of words are there? 8 Parts of Speech Language Nouns • • • • Person Place Thing Idea Nouns Can you find 3 nouns in the pictures? Nouns Noun Possessive forms A person you know. A place you can go. A thing you can show. An idea Boy’s bike Boys’ bikes A child’s toy The children’s toys Proper Common A name Non specific Ms. Slaggie teacher Northstar school Pronouns • A word that replaces a noun. • 4 Types of Pronouns – Subjective: used as the subject of a sentence: I, you, he, she, it, we, they • We brought a pound of apples. – Objective: used as the object of the sentence. Often found in the predicate: you, me, him, her, it, us, them • Tom sees me. – Possessive: used to show ownership: his, hers, ours, their • Take her car to the store. – Intensive: used to refer back to another noun or pronoun in the sentence to emphasize it: himself, herself, themselves, ourselves • The boys baked these scones by themselves. Replace each noun with a pronoun. Is that pronoun subject, objective, possessive, or intensive? • Jane wanted to play a game. – She wanted to play it. • subjective & objective • Tony and Jim went to a the house of Tom. – They went to his house. • subjective & possessive • Sue wanted to invite Mary to the party. – She wanted to invite her to it. • subjective, objective, & objective Pronouns Write 2 sentences about this picture using pronouns. Pronouns Pronoun – noun A word that replaces a noun in a sentence and is often used so that the noun doesn’t have to be repeated We believe what we tell ourselves. So tell yourself this: Everything will work out. It will get better. You are loveable. You are strong. You are worthy of great things. You are important. You can’t turn the clock back, but you can wind it up again. When you are waiting for the bus and someone asks, "Has the bus come yet?" You say, “If it came, would I be standing here?” Adjective • Modifies (describes) a noun or pronoun. Answers the questions: – WHICH ONE? (that, the, a, those) – HOW MANY?(numbers, few, many) – WHAT KIND? • The red apple was tasty. • The book was 413 pages long. Adjectives Smart, Small, and Snippy Adjectives Adjective – noun A word that describes a noun or pronoun and is used often to compare people, places, and things Singular Cantankerous ornery Comparative Superlative more cantankerous most cantankerous Ornerier Orneriest Bill is ornerier than Bo. Bill is the orneriest of all. Verbs • A word that shows action or links the two parts of the sentence – Nick ran after the ball. – Nick is good at soccer. – Tess plays baseball. – Tess is the pitcher on the team. Sliding and Riding Verbs Not just for kids these days! Verbs Verb – noun Present Tense A word that expresses an action or a state of being discombobulate confuse hornswoggle cheat Past Tense Future Tense skedaddled will lollygag hurried will move slowly canoodled will flabbergast hugged and kissed will amaze Adverbs • Tells more about a verb or adjective, or another adverb by answering questions like how, when, and where. • • • • I swam quickly. I swam very quickly. We swam over there. We swam daily. Adverbs Write a title for this picture. Include an adverb. Adverbs Adverb – noun A word that describes how, when, or where the action of a verb takes place Comparative more quirkily more peculiarly It was a more quirkily themed event than the last one. Reflective Thinker sheepishly awkwardly Superlative most kookily most foolishly It was the most kookily decorated tree. 24 What’s so funny? Nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, interjections, conjunctions, and prepositions are all I need to write good. My teacher says that I use adverbs good! HA HA Surely? HA HA Conjunction • Joins words – and, or, but, so, yet, since, although Broadway Conjunctions Red and Pink Mark it or hold it? Conjunctions Conjunction – noun A word such as and, because, but, for, since, or, and yet, which is used to connect phrases, clauses, and sentences Coordinating loopy and persnickety crazy and fussy Coordinating pantaloons or knickers early 19th century trousers or short pants Subordinating Since the scuttlebutt (rumor) began, he hasn’t been the same. Conjunctions FANBOYS for and nor but or yet so 1. The bus stopped __________ the man got off. 2. We stayed at home __________ watched a film. 3. I wanted to buy a newspaper __________ didn't have enough money. 4. I have a lot of homework to do now __________ I can't go to the movies with you. 5. He's very rich __________ he doesn't spend a lot of money. 6. Do you want tea __________ coffee? 7. Is the Empire State Building in New York __________ London? 8. Is it a new house __________ an old house? 9. I enjoy visiting many different countries __________ I wouldn't want to live anywhere else but Lisbon. 10. We can go by bus __________ we can walk. Preposition • Words to show relationship. A prepositional phrase begins with a preposition and ends with an object. – in, on, beside, after, under, around, over, etc. – The dog was on the dock. – She got sick during the game. – The movie is after the news – The garden was behind the wall. Prepositions On the roof On the elephant In the purse In time out Time Out Growled at the vacuum cleaner and attacked it Interjections • Expresses emotion – Oh, wow, wham, bah, boo, yes, no, phew, yikes. – Wow, you look nice! Interjections Grrrr! I’m late. ©Reflective Thinker 33 Interjections Interjection – noun la-di-da A word that expresses emotion and has no grammatical relation to the rest of the sentence an interjection indicating that something is showy or pretentious jeez boo-ya a cry of triumph an interjection meaning you can’t believe something or you’re exasperated ooh-la-la indicates something is special or fancy Davina And Maisy Davina, a blind goose, was born in January 2013 at Old Station House Inn in Exmoor, England. She was resourceful and did not waddle around dejected, or sad. Instead, she made friends with Maisy, a Jack Russell terrier. Maisy was Davina’s second pair of eyes, her guide dog. Davina always waited patiently for Maisy to clear her path. Maisy’s owner Martin Shepherd said that Maisy often helped Davina out of sticky situations. Maisy did not like it when, Lionel, a gander appeared, so he pulled out Lionel’s tail feathers. Yikes! In retaliation, Lionel responded aggressively by whacking Maisy, and they sparred back and forth across the garden. Frustrated, Martin Shepherd’s 15year-old daughter Madison refereed and separated Maisy and Lionel. In the future, the Shepherd family hopes that the three learn to live together peaceably. Maisy, by the way, never had pulled any of Davina’s feathers. Ahh! Fiddlesticks To Play One student from Group 1 draws a paper strip from the can. This student has 7 seconds to identify the underlined part of speech. If he is correct, his group keeps the strip. If he is incorrect, put it back in the can. One student from Group 2 goes next. If Ahh! Fiddlesticks! is drawn, the group must give back all of their strips, which will be put to the side. The game ends when all strips are drawn from the can or when time is called. Students count their strips. The group with the most strips wins the game. Circle the subject and underline the predicate in each sentence. Next, label each word with its part of speech. Verb Adjective Noun Adjective Noun 1. The scientist used a microscope. Noun Adverb Verb Adjective Noun 1. Rembrandt slowly painted the canvas. conjunction Interjection Pronoun Pronoun Verb Noun 2. Yes, he and she were members. Noun Verb preposition Adjective Noun 3. DeSoto floated down the Mississippi. preposition conjunction Noun Noun Pronoun Noun Verb 4. Spartacus and his force of gladiators lost.