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Language
A way of putting words together to
communicate your ideas
How do you communicate your ideas?
• You include 2 parts:
– What idea are you talking about?
– What are you saying about that idea?
• Practice:
– White clouds floated over my head.
– The engineer designed a building.
– Leonardo painted a beautiful painting.
Sentence
• How you describe your idea using the 2 parts
forms a sentence.
• what you are talking about = Complete Subject
• what you are saying about it = Complete Predicate
Complete Subjects
(What the idea is about)
Complete Predicates
(What we are saying about the subject)
1. The crane fishes patiently in the lake.
2. They would banish us.
3. The people could fly.
4. Crick and Watson discovered DNA.
5. I loved my parents.
6. Lenny is a boy in class.
7. That day was one of the coldest.
8. He had grown beautiful flowers.
9. She had a lovely smile.
10. I am.
Complete Subjects
(What the idea is about)
Complete Predicates
(What we are saying about the subject)
1. The crane fishes patiently in the lake.
2. They would banish us.
3. The people could fly.
4. Crick and Watson discovered DNA.
5. I loved my parents.
6. Lenny is a boy in class.
7. That day was one of the coldest.
8. He had grown beautiful flowers.
9. She had a lovely smile.
10. I am.
Let’s Practice
Complete Subjects
Complete Predicates
(What the idea is about)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
The dog
The red laser beam
Friendship
__________
__________
__________
The people of ancient Rome
The best song
______________
______________
(What we are saying about the subject)
___________________
___________________
___________________
shone across the sea.
quietly munched bamboo shoots.
climbed about the ship.
__________________
__________________
is my favorite T.V. show.
ran down the hall.
How Many?
• How many students are in our class?
• How many classes do you have in a day?
• How many kinds of words are there?
8
Parts of Speech
Language
Nouns
•
•
•
•
Person
Place
Thing
Idea
Nouns
Can you find 3 nouns in the
pictures?
Nouns
Noun
Possessive forms
A person you know.
A place you can go.
A thing you can show.
An idea
Boy’s bike
Boys’ bikes
A child’s toy
The children’s toys
Proper
Common
A name
Non specific
Ms. Slaggie
teacher
Northstar
school
Pronouns
• A word that replaces a noun.
• 4 Types of Pronouns
– Subjective: used as the subject of a sentence: I, you, he, she, it, we,
they
• We brought a pound of apples.
– Objective: used as the object of the sentence. Often found in the
predicate: you, me, him, her, it, us, them
• Tom sees me.
– Possessive: used to show ownership: his, hers, ours, their
• Take her car to the store.
– Intensive: used to refer back to another noun or pronoun in the
sentence to emphasize it: himself, herself, themselves, ourselves
• The boys baked these scones by themselves.
Replace each noun with a pronoun.
Is that pronoun subject, objective, possessive, or intensive?
• Jane wanted to play a game.
– She wanted to play it.
• subjective & objective
• Tony and Jim went to a the house of Tom.
– They went to his house.
• subjective & possessive
• Sue wanted to invite Mary to the party.
– She wanted to invite her to it.
• subjective, objective, & objective
Pronouns
Write 2 sentences about this
picture using pronouns.
Pronouns
Pronoun – noun
A word that replaces a
noun in a sentence and is
often used so that the
noun doesn’t have to be
repeated
We believe what we tell
ourselves. So tell yourself
this: Everything will work
out. It will get better. You
are loveable. You are
strong. You are worthy of
great things. You are
important.
You can’t turn the
clock back, but you
can wind it up again.
When you are waiting
for the bus and
someone asks, "Has
the bus come yet?"
You say, “If it came,
would I be standing
here?”
Adjective
• Modifies (describes) a noun or pronoun.
Answers the questions:
– WHICH ONE? (that, the, a, those)
– HOW MANY?(numbers, few, many)
– WHAT KIND?
• The red apple was tasty.
• The book was 413 pages long.
Adjectives
Smart, Small, and Snippy
Adjectives
Adjective – noun
A word that describes a
noun or pronoun and is
used often to compare
people, places, and
things
Singular
Cantankerous
ornery
Comparative
Superlative
more cantankerous
most cantankerous
Ornerier
Orneriest
Bill is ornerier than Bo.
Bill is the orneriest of all.
Verbs
• A word that shows action or links the two
parts of the sentence
– Nick ran after the ball.
– Nick is good at soccer.
– Tess plays baseball.
– Tess is the pitcher on the team.
Sliding and Riding
Verbs
Not just for kids these days!
Verbs
Verb – noun
Present Tense
A word that
expresses an action
or a state of being
discombobulate
confuse
hornswoggle
cheat
Past Tense
Future Tense
skedaddled
will lollygag
hurried
will move slowly
canoodled
will flabbergast
hugged and kissed
will amaze
Adverbs
• Tells more about a verb or adjective, or
another adverb by answering questions like
how, when, and where.
•
•
•
•
I swam quickly.
I swam very quickly.
We swam over there.
We swam daily.
Adverbs
Write a title for this picture.
Include an adverb.
Adverbs
Adverb – noun
A word that describes
how, when, or where
the action of a verb
takes place
Comparative
more quirkily
more peculiarly
It was a more quirkily
themed event than
the last one.
Reflective Thinker
sheepishly
awkwardly
Superlative
most kookily
most foolishly
It was the most kookily
decorated tree.
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What’s so funny?
Nouns,
verbs,
adjectives,
adverbs,
interjections,
conjunctions,
and
prepositions
are all I need
to
write good.
My teacher says
that I use
adverbs
good!
HA
HA
Surely?
HA
HA
Conjunction
• Joins words
– and, or, but, so, yet, since, although
Broadway
Conjunctions
Red and Pink
Mark it
or hold it?
Conjunctions
Conjunction – noun
A word such as
and, because, but, for,
since, or, and yet, which
is used to connect
phrases, clauses, and
sentences
Coordinating
loopy
and
persnickety
crazy and fussy
Coordinating
pantaloons
or
knickers
early 19th century trousers
or short pants
Subordinating
Since the
scuttlebutt (rumor)
began, he hasn’t
been the same.
Conjunctions
FANBOYS
for
and
nor
but
or
yet
so
1. The bus stopped __________ the man got off.
2. We stayed at home __________ watched a film.
3. I wanted to buy a newspaper __________ didn't have enough
money.
4. I have a lot of homework to do now __________ I can't go to the
movies with you.
5. He's very rich __________ he doesn't spend a lot of money.
6. Do you want tea __________ coffee?
7. Is the Empire State Building in New York __________ London?
8. Is it a new house __________ an old house?
9. I enjoy visiting many different countries __________ I wouldn't
want to live anywhere else but Lisbon.
10. We can go by bus __________ we can walk.
Preposition
• Words to show relationship. A prepositional
phrase begins with a preposition and ends
with an object.
– in, on, beside, after, under, around, over, etc.
– The dog was on the dock.
– She got sick during the game.
– The movie is after the news
– The garden was behind the wall.
Prepositions
On the roof
On the elephant
In the purse
In time out
Time Out
Growled at the
vacuum cleaner and
attacked it
Interjections
• Expresses emotion
– Oh, wow, wham, bah, boo, yes, no, phew, yikes.
– Wow, you look nice!
Interjections
Grrrr! I’m late.
©Reflective Thinker
33
Interjections
Interjection – noun
la-di-da
A word that expresses
emotion and has no
grammatical relation
to the rest of the
sentence
an interjection
indicating that
something is showy
or pretentious
jeez
boo-ya
a cry of triumph
an interjection
meaning you can’t
believe something or
you’re exasperated
ooh-la-la
indicates something
is special or fancy
Davina
And
Maisy
Davina, a blind goose, was born in January 2013 at Old
Station House Inn in Exmoor, England. She was
resourceful and did not waddle around dejected, or sad.
Instead, she made friends with Maisy, a Jack Russell
terrier. Maisy was Davina’s second pair of eyes, her guide
dog. Davina always waited patiently for Maisy to clear
her path. Maisy’s owner Martin Shepherd said that Maisy
often helped Davina out of sticky situations.
Maisy did not like it when,
Lionel, a gander appeared, so he
pulled out Lionel’s tail feathers.
Yikes! In retaliation, Lionel
responded aggressively by
whacking Maisy, and they sparred
back and forth across the garden.
Frustrated, Martin Shepherd’s 15year-old daughter Madison
refereed and separated Maisy and
Lionel.
In the future, the Shepherd
family hopes that the three learn
to live together peaceably. Maisy,
by the way, never had pulled any
of Davina’s feathers. Ahh!
Fiddlesticks
To Play
One student from Group 1 draws a paper strip from the
can.
This student has 7 seconds to identify the underlined part
of speech. If he is correct, his group keeps the strip. If he is
incorrect, put it back in the can.
One student from Group 2 goes next.
If Ahh! Fiddlesticks! is drawn, the group must give back all
of their strips, which will be put to the side.
The game ends when all strips are drawn from the can or
when time is called. Students count their strips. The group
with the most strips wins the game.
Circle the subject and underline the predicate in each
sentence. Next, label each word with its part of speech.
Verb Adjective Noun
Adjective Noun
1. The scientist used a microscope.
Noun
Adverb
Verb
Adjective
Noun
1. Rembrandt slowly painted the canvas.
conjunction
Interjection
Pronoun
Pronoun Verb
Noun
2. Yes, he and she were members.
Noun
Verb
preposition
Adjective
Noun
3. DeSoto floated down the Mississippi.
preposition
conjunction
Noun
Noun
Pronoun Noun
Verb
4. Spartacus and his force of gladiators lost.