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Transcript
Greece Cultures of the Mountains and the Sea Chapter 5 Section 1 page111 What did Greeks Value? • “Our constitution is called a democracy because power is in the hands not of a minority but of the whole people” - Pericles, an Athenian Statesman • “For we are lovers of the beautiful, yet simple in our tastes” -Thucydides, a historian Geography Shapes Greek Life • Greece wasn’t a united country, instead a collection of separate lands where Greek speaking people lived • Like the Minoans who lived on the Greek island Crete The land • Greece mainly a mountainous peninsula extending into Mediterranean Sea. • Also includes 1,400 islands in the Aegean and Ionian Seas • Basically, a civilization on water • Never traveled more than 85 miles between coastlines Geography • Rugged mountains covered ¾ of ancient Greece- only 20% of land suitable for farmingaccess to sea was important due to lack of natural resources • Because of mountains, couldn’t unite under a single government • Didn’t have roads- just dirt paths. To travel from Sparta to Olympia (site of Olympic games) took 7 days to travel just 60 miles! • Today, they have built homes and buildings on these steep rugged mountains • With so little fertile farmland or fresh water for irrigation, Greece wasn’t able to support a large population • Greeks based diet on basic staple crops like grains, grapes and olives • Desire for more living space and farmland were probably factors that motivated Greeks to seek new sites for colonies Perfect climate • Had varied climate that averaged 48 degrees in winter and 80 degrees in summer • Weather allowed for an outdoor lifestyle • Men spent time outdoors or at public events discussing politics, news, or engaging in sports Mycenaean Civilization Develops • Existed around 2000 B.C. • Name came from city they settled in, Mycenae (my-SEE-nee) on the mainland of Greece Mycenaean's • Ruled by militaristic kings- these kings dominated Greece from 1600-1200 B.C. • City surrounded by protective walls 20 feet thick- could withstand any attack • Lived in huge beautiful palaces Mycenaean's • Lived an extravagant life, drank from gold and silver and cups • When royal Mycenaean’s died, they were buried with richest treasures • Warrior kings became wealthy by controlling local production and trade • Wealthy kings used weapons made of bronze while commoners used tools made of wood and stone Influenced by the Minoan’s • Kings invaded Crete, and flourished on the island for 600 years • Preserved Minoan culture, especially using sea for travel • Adapted the Minoan writing system to the Greek language and decorated vases with Minoan designs • Legacy survived in form of legends, eventually forming core for Greek politics, religious practice, art and literature. • http://www.youtube.com/user/historyteachers#p/u/22/Jz3 d5x-MUT4 Trojan War • Legend: The Trojan War was a war waged, against the city of Troy in Asia Minor following the kidnapping of Helen of Sparta by a Trojan youth • The actual Trojan war was probably a Mycenaean raid occurring around 1200 B.C. against rival trading city Troy, and a fight to control the Aegean Sea • Many believed the legendary stories of the war was fictional • 1870, and excavation of the site revealed 9 layers of city life in NW Turkey, suggesting the story of the Trojan war was based on real stories, events and people Truth of Troy: Trojan War Story • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_36-H0Vsps • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CiQ4jD5o4o The Dorians • Shortly after Trojan war Mycenaean civilization collapsed • Economy and trade stopped existing • 1200 B.C. sea raiders attacked and burned palace after palace • Another group moved to war-torn country side called the Dorians • Far less advanced than Mycenaean Greeks- no written record for a 400 year period • Hard to know about period of decline with no written record Epics of Homer • With no writing, Greeks of this time learned about Trojan War through spoken word • Greatest storyteller was Homer, a blind man • Composed epics- narrative poems celebrating heroic deeds • Trojan War backdrop for Homer’s 2 epic poems, The Iliad and the Odyssey The Iliad • The heroes of the Iliad were the fierce Greek Achilles, and courageous noble Hector of Troy. • The story is an example of arête, meaning virtue and excellence • A Greek could display this ideal on the battlefield, in combat, or athletic competitions • Read A Voice From the Past on page 114. What is Hector communicating to his wife? The Odyssey • Story is about Odysseus and how he uses wit and trickery to defeat the Trojans • Much of the epic is set after the war, and is about his 10 year adventure home and the strange lands he visits along the way • http://www.youtube.com/u ser/historyteachers#p/u/1 8/pdTigtNMmDQ Greeks Create Myths • Greeks developed a rich set of mythstraditional stories- about their gods • Tried to understand mysteries of human nature and human passions through myths • Attributed human qualities to their gods like love, hate and jealousy • The gods competed with each other constantly , but could live forever unlike humans Greek Gods • Zues- ruler of Gods lived on Mount Olympus with wife Hera • Hera jealous of Zeus’s relationships with other women • Athena, was Zeus’s favorite daughter, and goddess of wisdom • Hermes was the son of Zeus, and messenger of gods Gods and Goddesses • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WP_Nei rFIkM A few other things the Greeks have given us…. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aKsb0o 7fb4M • http://www.youtube.com/watch?NR=1&v=8 7tXX0WxlS0 Assignment • On the back side of your notesheet: – Come up with 5 “ Gods of Worship” that would be important to society today. – What would their names be? – Be prepared to share with the class • Examples: “God of Sports”, money, etc..