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Transcript
Week 2 -- Introduction to Operating Systems Agenda Open Source and Closed Source OSs Windows family of Operating Systems Types of Operating Systems Functions of an Operating System Open and Closed Source OSs Open Source – binaries + source code Linux, OpenBSD, FreeBSD Closed source – binaries only Windows, Adobe, IBM, Sun 5/23/2017 3 Windows Family of OSs MS-DOS Windows 9x (95/98/Me) NT\2000\XP\Vista Windows CE (Pocket PC) Microsoft Family of OS’s & Win32 API Win 32 API NT\2000\XP\Vista Windows 95\98\Me Windows CE Current Desktop Usage Usage Share of Desktop Operating Systems from Wikipedia - Dec. 2008 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usage_share_of_desktop_operating_systems Feature Summary Feature Windows 9x NT\2000\XP\Vista Hardware Requirements Low, 486 PC with 16MB of RAM High, Pentium 800Mhz with 512 MB of RAM Hardware Compatibility Supports Legacy devices Supports most current devices but is not backward compatible Software Compatibility Full backward compatibility No support for applications what require direct access to hardware Performance Runs best on older machines Runs best on new machines with high bus speed and lots of RAM Reliability Sometimes not stable Very stable because all applications run in protected memory space Security Low to nil security Very high security down to the file level Types of Operating Systems Single-User, Single Process Single-User, Multi-process Multi-user, Multi-process Real-Time Operating Systems Single-User Single Process Allows one user at a time Allows one process at a time E.g. DOS, MacOS, Win3.1 Single-User Multi-process Allows one user at a time Allows multiple processes to run simultaneously E.g. OS/2, Win95/98, WinNT workstation Multi-user Multi-process Allows multiple users simultaneously Allows every user to run multiple processes simultaneously E.g. UNIX, Linux, W2K, WinXP Real Time Operating Systems Used with “embedded” applications Operate in “real-time” to Control machinery, scientific instruments and industrial systems Functions of an Operating System The 4 main functions that an operating system provides us with are: 1. User Interface 2. File System Management 3. Task Management 4. Device Management User Interface The user interface can be command line like UNIX, providing power and flexibility or GUI, like Windows providing ease of use. Through the User Interface the user can interact with the other OS functions, e.g. device management File Management Files are an abstract storage device resource Most common method of storing information on a computer Files can be “distributed” Task Management Administers the allocation and use of “primary” memory Uses “virtual memory” Uses memory on remote machines Tasks are divided into processes Processes are the basic units of computation Resources are the computer components needed by the process, CPU, RAM, drives, etc. Device Management Most important aspect of OS All devices treated in a similar manner All devices require resources to operate All require “device drivers” Operating System Functions User Application Program interfaces Operating System Hardware Overview of OS Functions Application Program Layer File Management User Interface (shell) Operating System Layer Device Management Hardware Layer Task Management