Download files

PowerPoint for
Computer Service
and Repair
By
JoAnne Keltner
Goodheart-Willcox Publisher
18604 West Creek Drive
Tinley Park, IL 60477
www.g-w.com
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational purposes only.
Chapter 2
Operating Systems
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational purposes only.
What Is an Operating System?

An operating system is software that does
the following:
Provides a file system structure.
 Provides a means of communicating with
computer system hardware.
 Prevents running programs from interfering
with one another.

Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational purposes only.
Importance to the PC Technician
This chapter introduces the function and
terminology of computer operating systems.
 Understanding how an operating system
functions is essential to troubleshooting
personal computers.

Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational purposes only.
Objectives
Identify various computer operating
systems.
 Explain minimum requirements of an
operating system.
 Describe the three core DOS files.
 Identify DOS limitations.
 Explain the differences between the various
versions of the Windows operating system.

Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational purposes only.
Objectives
Describe how to create a DOS boot disk.
 Describe the boot process.
 Describe the relationship of application
software, operating systems, BIOS, and
system hardware components.
 Describe the common characteristics of
different operating systems.

Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational purposes only.
Presentation Outline
1
2
3
4
Operating System
Disk Operating System
Microsoft Windows Operating Systems
Non-Windows Operating Systems
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational purposes only.
1
Operating
System
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational purposes only.
Kernel

The kernel is the core
of the operating
system.
Interface
File system
Kernel
Security
Computer
management
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational purposes only.
Operating System Communication
User
Application software
Operating system software
BIOS
Computer hardware
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational purposes only.
Operating System Characteristics
Ability to multitask.
 A user interface.
 A file structure.

Click each link for details.
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational purposes only.
Common OS Terminology
Configuration.
 Application software.
 Drivers.
 Software patches.

Click each link for details.
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational purposes only.
Review

Describe three functions of an operating system.



Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Provides a file system structure.
Provides a means of communicating with computer
system hardware.
Prevents running programs from interfering with
one another.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational purposes only.
Review

The _____ is the core of an operating system.

Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
kernel
Permission granted to reproduce for educational purposes only.
Review

The _____ provides communication between
application software and the BIOS.

Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
operating system
Permission granted to reproduce for educational purposes only.
Review

A(n) _____ is used in an OS to keep track of file
locations on a disk.

Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
file allocation table
Permission granted to reproduce for educational purposes only.
Review

Software that enables proper communication
between the PC and peripherals is called _____.

Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
drivers
Permission granted to reproduce for educational purposes only.
2
Disk Operating System
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational purposes only.
Disk Operating System (DOS)
The Disk Operating System (DOS) set
standards for Windows operating systems to
follow.
 The command line is used to enter
commands and to open programs.
 No multitasking or multiprocessor support.

Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational purposes only.
DOS Core Files
File
Description
io.sys
Contains generic drivers.
Kernel.
msdos.sys
command.com
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Interprets commands.
Also called command
interpreter.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational purposes only.
DOS Commands
Internal commands are commands
contained within the command.com file
 External commands are located in the DOS
directory.

Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational purposes only.
Internal Commands
Command
System Response
date
Displays the date.
dir
Displays a list of files, directories, and subdirectories.
del
Deletes a file.
copy
Copies a file or group of files from one location to
another location.
rename
Changes a name of a file.
time
Displays the time.
ver
Displays the version of the OS running on the
computer.
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational purposes only.
External Commands
Command
System Response
chkdsk
Checks the condition of a disk and
displays a report.
edit
Starts a text editor program, which
is similar to a word processor.
format
Prepares a disk for storing data.
print
Prints a text file to a printer.
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational purposes only.
DOS System Boot Disk



A DOS system boot
disk contains the
necessary files needed
to boot the computer.
Booting refers to
starting the computer
and loading the OS.
To create a DOS boot
disk, the format a: /s
command is used.
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational purposes only.
Naming DOS Files


Eight point three (8.3)
naming convention.
Eight character or less
filename, a period
(dot), and a threecharacter extension.
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Examples:
config.sys
autoexec.bat
myfile.txt
Permission granted to reproduce for educational purposes only.
Common File Extensions
File Extension
Description
.bmp
A bitmap graphics file.
.com
An executable command file.
.dll
A dynamic link library, which is a collection of data or
function that can be used by Windows applications.
.doc
A document file.
.exe
An executable file. One that is a program and will run if
the name is typed at the DOS prompt.
.ini
A file containing configuration information for
Windows.
.log
A file that lists actions that have occurred.
.txt
A text file.
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational purposes only.
Unacceptable Filename Characters
|

+
=
>
<
?
:
[
]
A period can only be used between the filename
and extension.
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational purposes only.
Warm and Cold Boot
Warm boot initiated by [Ctrl] [Alt] [Del].
 Cold boot initiated by turning the computer
on with the switch.

Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational purposes only.
Config.sys
Used to load device drivers and to
configure, disable, or enable OS features,
such as number of files that can be opened.
 Used in new operating systems to support
legacy software applications.

Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational purposes only.
Config.sys Commands
Command
Function
files
Used to specify how many files can be opened at one
time.
devicehigh
Loads a device drive into upper memory.
buffers
Specifies how much memory is allocated for
transferring files to and from disks.
lastdrive
Sets the maximum number of available drives that can
be set up on a computer.
rem
Used to place text in a file as notes. Anything following
the command rem will not be executed.
stacks
Used to specify how much memory is reserved for
hardware.
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational purposes only.
Autoexec.bat Commands
Command
Function
echo
Hides or displays messages on the display, using the
switches on and off.
path
Sets up a search path to locate executable files.
prompt
Determines the appearance of the DOS prompt.
rem
Used to place text in a file as notes. Anything following
the command rem will not be executed.
set
Sets up, displays, or removes DOS variables.
shell
Used to specify the location of the command interpreter to
be used.
pause
Suspends the program until any key is pressed.
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational purposes only.
Autoexec.bat
A text file used to load and run programs at
startup.
 Required for legacy programs.

Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational purposes only.
Review

What are the names of the three core DOS files?
 io.sys
 msdos.sys
 command.com
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational purposes only.
Review

Which of the following commands is used to
create a DOS boot disk?
A.
B.
 C.
D.
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
chkdsk a: /s
chkdsk a: /DOS
format a: /s
format a: /DOS
Permission granted to reproduce for educational purposes only.
Review

Which file is used to load device drivers and to
configure, disable, or enable OS features, such as
number of files that can be opened?
A.
B.
C.
 D.
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
autoexec.bat
config.bat
autoexec.sys
config.sys
Permission granted to reproduce for educational purposes only.
Review

What are some limitations of DOS?
 8.3 character naming convention.
 Command line only.
 No multitasking or multiprocessor
support.
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational purposes only.
3
Microsoft Windows
Operating Systems
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational purposes only.
The Microsoft Windows Family
Windows 3.x
Windows 95
 Built on DOS.
 Offered a GUI.
 Stores configuration
information in
system.ini and
Windows 98
win.ini.
 Introduced support
for DVD, MMX,
AGP, and FAT32.
 Integrated the Web
browser.
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
 Introduced the
registry, Plug and
Play, and the
shortcut menu.
 32-bit OS.
 Enhanced CD
player.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational purposes only.
The Microsoft Windows Family (Cont.)
Windows NT
 Workstation and
server version.
 32-bit OS with
preemptive
multitasking.
 Enhanced security.
 Limited user access.
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Windows Me
 Introduced
Advanced Network
Wizard and System
Restore tool.
 Introduced support
and drivers for
video cameras.
 New technologies
added to the
Windows 95 kernel.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational purposes only.
The Microsoft Windows Family (Cont.)
Windows 2000
 Uses a modified NT
kernel.
 Dynamic file system
(NTFS5.0).
 Improved security.
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Windows XP
 Uses a modified NT
kernel.
 Windows XP Home
Edition.
 Windows XP
Professional.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational purposes only.
Microsoft Windows Desktop
Icons
System
tray
Start
button
Task bar
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational purposes only.
Start Menu
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational purposes only.
File Names—Windows 95 and Later
Long file names introduced.
 Allowed for 255 characters.
 Characters not allowed consist of the
following:

|
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
*
>
<
?
:
/
\
“
Permission granted to reproduce for educational purposes only.
Windows 95, 98, Me Boot Sequence
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Power-on self-test (POST).
Bootstrap program loads into memory some basic
files and then turns over control to the OS.
io.sys
msdos.sys
config.sys
command.com
autoexec.bat
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational purposes only.
Windows NT, 2000, XP Boot Sequence
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Power-on self-test (POST).
Bootstrap program loads into memory some basic
files and then turns over control to the OS.
NTLDR
ntdetect.com
boot.ini
ntoskrnl.exe
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational purposes only.
Windows System Disk

A Windows system disk contains the necessary files to
start the PC and load the operating system.
Windows
95/98/Me
Windows 2000
Control Panel | Add C:\ bootdisk \
Remove Programs | makeboot.exe
Startup Disk
or
Create an Emergency
Repair Disk from the
Backup program.
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Windows XP
The Setup CD and
Recovery Console are
used to access a
computer with boot
problems.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational purposes only.
Registry
The registry is found in Windows 95, 98,
NT, 2000, and XP.
 It is a database that stores configuration
information.
 Accessed by entering regedit or regedt32 in
the Run dialog box off the Start menu.

Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational purposes only.
Registry Editor
HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT
Object linking and embedding
(OLE) information and how
files are associated.
HKEY_CURRENT_USER
Information about the current
workstation user.
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE
Information specific to the local
computer.
HKEY_USERS
Information for each user of this
workstation.
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG
Display and printer settings.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational purposes only.
Registry Files
The system.dat file contains information
about the computer’s settings.
 The user.dat file contains information about
individuals who use the computer.
 Can be backed up, copied to disk, and
modified.

Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational purposes only.
Review

Which Windows operating systems use a
modified NT kernel? (Select all that apply.)
A. Windows 95
 B. Windows XP
C. Windows Me
 D. Windows 2000
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational purposes only.
Review

Which Windows operating systems introduced
Plug and Play and the registry?
 A. Windows 95
B. Windows XP
C. Windows Me
D. Windows 98
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational purposes only.
Review

Which Windows operating systems introduced
the dynamic file system?
A. Windows 95
B. Windows XP
C. Windows Me
 D. Windows 2000
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational purposes only.
Review

Place the following Windows NT, 2000, and XP
boot sequence steps in their proper order.
A.
B.
C.
D.
boot.ini
NTLDR
POST
ntoskrnl.exe
C, F, B, E, A, D
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
E. ntdetect.com
F. Bootstrap program
loads into memory
some basic files and
then turns over control
to the OS.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational purposes only.
4
Non-Windows
Operating Systems
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational purposes only.
Linux





Derivative of UNIX.
Many varieties such as Red Hat, SuSE, Caldera,
and Debian.
Can be installed on a single PC or used as a file
server.
Programmable code to make the OS is called
source code.
Source code can be readily downloaded, viewed,
and manipulated.
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational purposes only.
OS/2
Developed by Microsoft for IBM
computers.
 Had impressive features for its time, such as
the ability to use long file names
 Compatible with DOS and Windows
programs.
 OS/2 programs cannot run on DOS or
Windows.

Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational purposes only.
OS9
Developed jointly by Microware Systems
and Motorola.
 Supports multitasking.
 It is the operating system behind many
industrial technologies as well as WebTV
boxes.

Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational purposes only.
Review

Which of the following operating systems is based
on Linux?
A.
B.
 C.
D.
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
UNIX
OS/2
SuSE
OS9
Permission granted to reproduce for educational purposes only.
Review

Which of the following operating systems is the
operating system behind many industrial
technologies as well as WebTV boxes?
A.
B.
C.
 D.
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
UNIX
OS/2
Linux
OS9
Permission granted to reproduce for educational purposes only.
Review

Which of the following operating systems was
developed by Microsoft and is compatible with
DOS and Windows programs?
A.
 B.
C.
D.
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
UNIX
OS/2
Linux
OS9
Permission granted to reproduce for educational purposes only.