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9 The Respiratory System Modified G15 Lesson 9.1: Functions and Anatomy of the Respiratory System Lesson 9.2: Respiration: Mechanics and Control Lesson 9.3: Respiratory Disorders and Diseases Chapter 9: The Respiratory System Lesson 9.1 Functions and Anatomy of the Respiratory System Anatomy of the Respiratory System the nose the nasal cavity the pharynx the larynx the trachea the bronchi the bronchiole the alveoli © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Anatomy of the Respiratory System • the nose – nares • the nasal cavity – conchae – the palate – the sinuses © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Anatomy of the Respiratory System • the pharynx – Tonsils (early immune response –catches germs on their way in) • the larynx – Epiglottis (protects airway when eating) • the trachea – C rings • Keeps airway open © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Anatomy of the Respiratory System • the pharynx – Tonsils (early immune response –catches germs on their way in) • the larynx – Epiglottis (protects airway when eating) • the trachea – C rings • Keeps airway open © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Anatomy of the Respiratory System the bronchi – primary bronchi – bronchioles – the alveoli • surfactant • pores of Kohn – the alveolar capillary membrane © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Anatomy of the Respiratory System • the lungs – mediastinum – apex – pleural sac • parietal pleura • visceral pleura © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. The Upper Respiratory Tract © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Chapter 9: The Respiratory System Lesson 9.2 Respiration: Mechanics and Control Respiration • also known as breathing • air always moves from a higher pressure area to a lower pressure area • Boyle’s law – as the volume of a gas increases, the pressure of the gas decreases © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Respiration • four key tasks involved in respiration – pulmonary ventilation • Moving air in & out of lungs – external respiration • Fresh outside oxygen fills lungs – gas exchange between alveoli & capillary beds – respiratory gas transport • O2 & CO2 transported between lungs & body tissues – internal respiration • Gas exchange between capillaries & body cells © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Respiration • inspiration (inhalation) – diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract – thoracic cavity expands • expiration (exhalation) – diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax – thoracic cavity shrinks © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Respiration © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Nonrespiratory Air Maneuvers © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Chapter 9: The Respiratory System Lesson 9.3 Respiratory Disorders and Diseases Upper Respiratory Tract Illnesses © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Upper Respiratory Tract Illnesses • avoiding URIs – cover when sneezing and coughing – wash hands – don’t touch hands to eyes, nose, mouth • influenza – Vaccine – Interferon (Tamaflu) icyimage/Shutterstock.com © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Lower Respiratory Tract Illnesses • acute bronchitis – inflammation • pneumonia – infection • tuberculosis – infection © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases • causes – smoking • living with COPD – stop smoking – purse-lipped breathing © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases • emphysema – decreased lung surface area – pink puffers • chronic bronchitis – inflammation obstructs airways – blue bloaters © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Asthma • asthma attack – inflamed and narrowed airways – bronchospasms – caused by allergens or irritants – treatment relaxes muscles to expand airways xavier gallego morel/Shutterstock.com © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Lung Cancer • more deaths from lung cancer than other cancers • non-small cell lung cancer – more common lung cancer • small cell lung cancer – less common lung cancer © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.