Download File - Miss Rotella`s Class

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Chapter 1 Renaissance
Europe
Origins of a Western Worldview
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What is a Renaissance?
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Renaissance means “rebirth”
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Florence, Italy. The
birthplace of the Italian
Renaissance.
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What we will learn
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How can changing societal structures affect a society’s
worldview?
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How do beliefs, values and society impact change in Medieval
Europe?
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What is the Renaissance?
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How are people’s attitudes and values shaped by the way a
society is organized?
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What are the main features of the worldview that emerged
during the Renaissance?
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Values, society and beliefs
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Think for a second…
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What would happen if half of Canada’s population suddenly
died of a disease. How would think affect our society?
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Think individually, then discuss with the people around you.
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A Changing Society
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Focus Question: How are people’s attitudes and values
shaped by the way that a society is organized?
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Times of Change
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Middle Ages: European society was organized in a system
called feudalism.
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Feudalism was a hierarchy: people were ranked above one
another based on their importance.
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The level you were born into- expected to stay in that level
for entire life.
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Feudalism was based on land, loyalty, and duty.
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Times of Change
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Nobles or knights swore oaths of allegiance to the king
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In exchange for fighting for the king, they received rights to
land called manors
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The Church owned land, and became very important to
medieval people in practical and spiritual aspects of their
lives
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Medieval Country Life
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Most people were peasants
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Lived in rural villages on a manor and assigned land to
harvest
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In exchange for use of land, peasants gave a some of what
they produced to the “lord of the manor” (noble)
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Peasants were illiterate (couldn’t read or write) and
uneducated
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Medieval Country Life
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Some peasants were freemen who rented land from the lord
or worked for pay
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Most peasants were serfs; they weren’t allowed to leave the
manor without the lord’s permission
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Town Life
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Most medieval towns were farm communities, built around a
monastery
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Peasants worked based on their abilities, learned trades, or
worked for wealthy merchants as servants/laborers
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Production of goods and trade in towns was organized by
cooperative organizations called guilds (know this term!)
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Guilds
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Guilds controlled prices of goods, set standards of quality, and
decided who would be admitted to the craft as a trainee or
apprentice.
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Took care of members and their families (illness or injury)
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Children would live and work at the home of a master and learn
a trade.
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After years of training, they would take a test, become a
journeyman and become a member of the guild
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In today’s society, what would we call a guild? Do we have
something similar?
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Quick worldview review…
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Worldview is NOT a perspective, it is more than personal
preference/opinion
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It is the basis for how we act, the choices we make as citizens
in a local, global community. It is not just how we see the
world
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SO… based on that… How do peoples positions on society
influence their worldview?
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Let’s review…
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What is feudalism? What was it based on?
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What is a guild?
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Challenges to the Feudal System
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Feudal system in existence for hundreds of years
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There were some factors that caused feudalism to break
down:
the Peasants Revolt
The Black Death
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Peasants’ Revolts
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The Hundred Years War, began in 1337 between England and
France
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Fighting destroyed countryside
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Peasants revolted due to high rents and taxes needed to pay
for the war
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Authorities tried to put down peasants
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Killed nobles, burned manors
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The Black Death
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1346-1350: millions of Europeans died
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Began in Gobi Desert (between China and Mongolia)
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Spread along trade routes
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Forms of the plague were spread through fleas and rats, as
well as airborne droplets
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The Black Death
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Severe labor shortages on manors, and many feudal
states went bankrupt
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Land on manors that survived were rented out or sold to
serfs, serfs were released from lords
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Peasants had more options
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Time and Money
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Money and time became more important to people
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On manors, people didn’t need to know exact time
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Shopkeepers, merchants, business people needed to know
times
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Mechanical clocks developed
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Wealth in Society
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Towns were growing; society less rigid.
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People could gain wealth and skills, and move from one
social level to another Could this happen before?
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New social structure emerged
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Power and position was now based on money instead of land
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Sumptuary laws were introduced
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Feudal System/New System
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Let’s look at the new social structure, after society was
changed drastically
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Top Level:
Aristocracy
Middle Level: Middle
Class
Bottom Level: Lower
Class
High Church officials
Merchants and
businesses
Peasants
Rulers or lords
Craftspeople
Rural laborers
Old noble families
Shopkeepers
Urban laborers
Wealthy merchants
Bankers
Servants
Priests
The unemployed
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Let’s talk about worldviews
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What is worldview?
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Do we all make the same decisions and act the same way?
What influences those things?
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Geography
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How does geography play a role in people’s worldview?
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Time
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How does time play a role in society?
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Society
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Are there different society’s in the world? How do roles in
society influence people’s worldview?
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Values
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How do people act towards one another? What influences
them?
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Beliefs
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How do beliefs about life and death influence peoples
actions?
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Economy
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Who decides important decisions about resources and
products?
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Knowledge
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How do people develop knowledge? What kind of thinking is
accepted, and how do we access knowledge? How is it
valued?
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Feudalism
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What is feudalism?
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How did the organization of social structure influence
peoples role in society? Who made that decision?
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How did peoples position in society influence their actions,
decisions, and ways of life?
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Town/Country Life
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What was it like living in the country? Who lived there? What
was the way of life?
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What was it like living in the town? What was the way of life?
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Monastic Life
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How did living around a monastery influence peoples ways
of life?
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How did this impact their worldview?
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Role of Women
Rural Women:
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Had lots of children
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Worked in the field
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Made clothes, cooked meals
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Preserved food for family
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Role of Women
Town Women:
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Married guild members
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Worked with husbands/sold goods
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Inherited property/guild membership when husbands died
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Become masters of crafts
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Role of Women
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Wealthy merchant families: women had more opportunity
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Daughters sent to school
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But noble women had little rights
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Made few choices on their own, arranged marriages
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How does religion influence
worldview?
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Do you think in some societies religion has more of an
influence than others?
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What we will learn
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What role did religion play in shaping peoples worldview?
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What role did religion play in peoples lives, and how did it
influence their worldview?
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A Religious Society
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Thought by some that the Black Plague was punishment from
God
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Religion was central in peoples lives
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Worldview in Western Europe was shaped by the Christian
Church.
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A Religious Society
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Believed Church would help them reach heaven
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Life was difficult; filled with disease, famine, war, etc.
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Church would help people get to heaven
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People wanted a better life after death
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Spirituality
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First Nations and Inuit peoples: spirituality is very important
for traditional peoples
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Many believe everything has a sacred spirit and the Creator
is everywhere
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Have ceremonies to offer thanks to natural spirits
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Christian Church
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Church was a hierarchy
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Each level had responsibilities/duties to provide to the
groups above and below them
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Parishioners obey the rules of the church, respect the priest’s
authority and pay him a tithe
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People gained a sense of community belonging to a church
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Think of different ways you might finish this sentence:
In Canada today _______ is a central part of people’s daily
lives.
What do your answers suggest about worldviews in our
society?
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Hierarchies Today
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What are some positive and negative affects hierarchies can
have one people?
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The Monastic Life
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Very religious people would join a religious order and
devote life to God
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Men became monks, women became nuns
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They helped grow and prepare food, taught children, cared
for the sick and poor and fed the hungry
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Learning and the Church
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Monks and nuns were well educated
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Some monasteries became centers for learning in medieval
times
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Religious scholars copied Christian religious
texts/manuscripts from ancient times
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Universities developed around religious schools; grammar,
geometry, astronomy and music were taught
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Medieval Muslims and Jews
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Other major religions were Islam and Judaism
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Muslims conquered most of Spain and Portugal
Libraries and universities were built
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Jewish people lived in Christian and Islamic towns
In Western Europe Jews weren’t allowed in most professions,
so they studied academics
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Changing Attitudes
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The plague caused questioning faith; peoples prayers, visits,
and other attempts to please God didn’t work
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Felt God abandoned them, became more critical of the
Church
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The Church received money from rent, tithes, and from
wealthy church members
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Some said members of the clergy were more interested in
luxury than spiritual values
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A New Age
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We have seen how European society has shifted from
Medieval hierarchy to becoming less rigidly organized, more
populous towns, and merchant classes
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New creative thinking emerged in art and science that aided
in the shift out of the Medieval world.
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Renaissance Personalities
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Christine de Pisan
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Martin Luther
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Vasco da Gama
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Nicolaus Copernicus
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Francis 1
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Leonardo da Vinci
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Remember these people as we move throughout the unit!