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A11L: 78K0R Low Power MCU
Hands-On Lab
Renesas Electronics America Inc.
Bob Proctor
Staff Engineer
12 & 13 October 2010
© 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.
Version 1.0
Bob Proctor
 Staff Applications Engineer in Durham, NC
 3-years at Renesas
 Primary support duties for R8C products
 Worked with many customers with Low
Power and LCD Segment applications
 BSEE
 Formerly a Design Engineer in industrial
motor control and a distributor FAE
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© 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc.
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Renesas Technology and Solution Portfolio
Microcontrollers
& Microprocessors
#1 Market share
worldwide *
ASIC, ASSP
& Memory
Advanced and
proven technologies
Solutions
for
Innovation
Analog and
Power Devices
#1 Market share
in low-voltage
MOSFET**
* MCU: 31% revenue
basis from Gartner
"Semiconductor
Applications Worldwide
Annual Market Share:
Database" 25
March 2010
** Power MOSFET: 17.1%
on unit basis from
Marketing Eye 2009
(17.1% on unit basis).
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© 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc.
All rights reserved.
Renesas Technology and Solution Portfolio
Microcontrollers
& Microprocessors
#1 Market share
worldwide *
Solutions
for
Innovation
ASIC, ASSP
& Memory
Advanced and
proven technologies
Analog and
Power Devices
#1 Market share
in low-voltage
MOSFET**
* MCU: 31% revenue
basis from Gartner
"Semiconductor
Applications Worldwide
Annual Market Share:
Database" 25
March 2010
** Power MOSFET: 17.1%
on unit basis from
Marketing Eye 2009
(17.1% on unit basis).
4
© 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc.
All rights reserved.
Microcontroller and Microprocessor Line-up
Superscalar, MMU, Multimedia
High Performance CPU, Low Power
High Performance CPU, FPU, DSC
 Up to 1200 DMIPS, 45, 65 & 90nm process
 Video and audio processing on Linux
 Server, Industrial & Automotive
 Up to 500 DMIPS, 150 & 90nm process
 600uA/MHz, 1.5 uA standby
 Medical, Automotive & Industrial
 Up to 165 DMIPS, 90nm process
 500uA/MHz, 2.5 uA standby
 Ethernet, CAN, USB, Motor Control, TFT Display
 Legacy Cores
 Next-generation migration to RX
General Purpose
 Up to 10 DMIPS, 130nm process
 350 uA/MHz, 1uA standby
 Capacitive touch
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Ultra Low Power
Embedded Security
 Up to 25 DMIPS, 150nm process  Up to 25 DMIPS, 180, 90nm process
 190 uA/MHz, 0.3uA standby
 1mA/MHz, 100uA standby
 Application-specific integration  Crypto engine, Hardware security
Microcontroller and Microprocessor Line-up
Superscalar, MMU, Multimedia
 Up to 1200 DMIPS, 45, 65 & 90nm process
and audio processing on Linux
78K Video
Server, Industrial & Automotive
ULTRA LOW POWER!
High Performance CPU,
Low
Easy
to Power
program
Low Cost
Great IDE
The FPU,
Cube DSC
is Suite!
High Performance CPU,
 Up to 500 DMIPS, 150 & 90nm process
 600uA/MHz, 1.5 uA standby
 Medical, Automotive & Industrial
 Up to 165 DMIPS, 90nm process
 500uA/MHz, 2.5 uA standby
 Ethernet, CAN, USB, Motor Control, TFT Display
 Legacy Cores
 Next-generation migration to RX
General Purpose
 Up to 10 DMIPS, 130nm process
 350 uA/MHz, 1uA standby
 Capacitive touch
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© 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc.
All rights reserved.
Ultra Low Power
Embedded Security
 Up to 25 DMIPS, 150nm process  Up to 25 DMIPS, 180, 90nm process
 190 uA/MHz, 0.3uA standby
 1mA/MHz, 100uA standby
 Application-specific integration  Crypto engine, Hardware security
Low Power Innovations
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© 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc.
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Renesas Low Power Solutions
 Low Power Operation is demanded in all kinds of remote,
battery-powered and hand-held applications.
 The 78K0R microcontroller family offers superior Low power
Performance.
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© 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc.
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Agenda
 78K0R MCU overview
 The 78K0R-KE3L Evaluation Board overview
 Low Power Lab Techniques
 Hands-on Lab – 60 minutes
 Q&A
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78K0R MCU Overview
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78K0R/Kx3 Features
 Rich peripheral set
 Serial array unit (up to 6ch SPI/CSI, I2C, UART serial ports)
 Timer array unit (up to 8ch)
 Real-time counter (time-of-day updates in HW <1uA current drain)
 Watchdog timer (windowed function)
 Clock/buzzer outputs (2ch)
 Low-Voltage-Indicator (brown-out) circuit
 Power-On-Clear (well behaved Power-On-RESET) circuit
Reduce system parts count/cost with high flexibility
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78K0R/Kx3 Block Diagram
Timer Array:
8ch, 16-bit Timer
Clock/Buzzer Output
(256Hz – 10MHz)
Real-Time Counter:
(Clock/Calendar
Functions)
Watch Dog Timer
10-bit ADC
10–12ch
Program Gain Amp
5 gain levels
Comparators
2ch
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78K0R 16-bit core
20MHz (13DMIPS)
1.8V - 5.5V
-40 to +85C
Flash
16KB-64KB
RAM
1KB-3KB
Internal OSC
(1MHz +/-5%, 8MHz +/-1%,
20MHz +/-1%)
Int. WDT OSC: (30kHz)
Sub-Clock: (32.768kHz)
64 pin LQFP, TQFP, FBGA
52 pin LQFP
48 pin LQFP
44 pin LQFP, TQFP
DMA Controller
2ch, 8/16-bit
Serial Array Unit
3-4ch
UART/SPI/I2C
Multi-Master I2C
1ch
16x16 Multiplier
32/32 Divider
On chip Debug/
Programming
POC
(Power On Clear)
LVI
Low Voltage
Indicator
1.91V-4.22V
Key Interrupt
78K0R/Kx3 CPU Core Digital Processing
 16-bit K0R CPU core





Up to 17 DMIPS at 20-MHz clock
Most instructions run in a single CPU cycle
Complex Instruction Set (CISC) on a RISC-like 3-stage pipeline
Full 16-bit arithmetic and logical instruction set
High performance and low-power operation
 Hardware assist
 16 x 16 HW multiply in one CPU cycle
 32 x 32 HW divide in 16 CPU cycles (compares to some DSPs!)
 1- to 15-bit shift instruction in one CPU cycle (similar to barrel-shift
instruction on 32-bit V850E/ES family)
 The K0R CPU core is very efficient for digital processing of
real-world analog signals
 Efficient addressing modes
 Supports both 64KB and 1MB linear address space, using
extension/pre-fix instruction (no bank switching!)
 RAM and special function registers are efficiently addressed
 Most efficient use of available flash memory instruction space
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Evaluation Board Overview
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DM-78K0R-KE3L Low Power Kit
“EB-USB-DA”
USB debug adapter
board
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“EB-78K0R-KE3L”
Low Power Demo Board
Digital
Multimeter
EB-78K0R-78 Low Power Demo Board
Key Features
 Supports 78K0R/KE3-L and 78K0R/KG3-L devices
 Standard debug/programming interface
 Support MINICUBE2 and USB Debug Adapter Board
 Test terminals for current consumption measurement
 Measures CPU core current, CPU core + peripheral current,
and peripheral current
 On-board coin cell battery socket for stand-alone
operation (on back)
 On-board clock supply
 20MHz and 32.768kHz crystal
 Simple user interface
 2 switches, 2 LEDs and 1 trimmer port
 Expansion IOs for all device pins
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EB-USB-DA USB Debug Adapter Board
Key Features
 Direct USB connection to PC
 Renesas uPD78F0730 8-bit USB MCU used
 Debug and flash programming interface
 Supports On-Chip Debug and Flash programming
 Supports three power supply options
 5V, 3.3V and Target power supply
 LED indicators for Power ON, RUN and BREAK modes
 Selectable debug/programming and normal modes
 Easy to update debug firmware
 QBEZUTL utility software is provided
 Easy to program target device
 WriteEZ software is provided
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© 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc.
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Low Power Kit Demo Set Up
 The Low Power kit comes with a
small DMM
 You will use it to make current
measurements
 When you do this during the lab,
follow the directions carefully for
the Meter and Jumper settings, in
order to get the proper results.
 The shunt resistor in the meter
will create a voltage drop so use
the highest amp scale setting as
practical.
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Low Power Techniques
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Power Use Profiles
 Active
 Clocks stay at steady rate
 Limited Active
 Clock or peripherals throttled back when not necessary
 Real Time Clock
 Core is halted much of the time, but awaken at regular intervals
 Our lab will use this profile, which allows calculable power
consumption
 Standby
 Core is halted most of the time, but awaken by an external
event
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Power Use Profiles
For maximum power efficiency:
 Avoid floating I/O pins.
 Keep DC loads on for minimum amount of time
These include ADC, DAC, Low Voltage Detectors, Comparators,
external sensors, radios, etc.
 Keep digital loads off until needed
These include the Core, Timers, Serial peripherals, or anything
else that has power in proportion to frequency
 Use stabilization time to do other things
Example: When ADC is becoming active or doing a conversion, do
calculations for last conversion
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Organize power uses into discrete units
 Process 1: ADC setup
 ADC Stabilization time 20us
 ADC Stabilization Current 200uA
 Process 2: ADC Sampling
 ADC Sample time 15 clocks
 ADC Current 200uA
 Process average current is the process current, multiplied by
the time it operates, divided by the period over which it is
repeated.
 System average current is the sum of each individual
process average currents.
 System peak current is found as the sum of each individual
process’ current that run concurrently.
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Power transition Diagram
100
Period
10
Current mA
1
Active
Current 1
Active
Current 2
0.1
0.01
Inactive Current
0.001
Active Time 2
0.0001
Active Time 1
Time
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Calculating Average Current
 Average Current Calculation for periodic systems:
 Iave = (I1*Time1 + I2*Time2…)/Period
 The individual times must add up to equal the time period.
Example: Wake current is 1mA, for 150ms and standby mode
is 3uA for the rest of the time (850ms), repeated every
second.
Average current = [(1000uA*0.15s) + (3uA*0.85s)]/1s =
152uA
Note that we changed units!
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Calculating Battery Life
 Battery Life = Capacity / Load
 The CR2032 coin cell has a capacity of 230mAH
 From the previous slide, our load was 152uA average
 230mAH / 0.152mA = 1513 Hours
 1513 Hours/(24Hours/Day)= 63 Days
Again, be careful with the units!
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© 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc.
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Low Power Lab
 We will now run the lab, where we will study a sample case.
 Our sample application is a Data Logger, requires an RTC for
periodic wakeup, ADC for data measurement, and SPI for
simulating transmitted data to a radio.
 We will presume our battery voltage is 3V, we will use the
3.3V provided by the Debug Adapter.
 We have supplied some of the time and current
measurements, but will let you measure the rest.
 Your goal is to setup the system to be most efficient,
calculate current consumption, and determine battery life.
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Lab Application Block Diagram
Lab Application Example:
Wireless Sensor
Timer Array Unit 0:
8ch, 16-bit Timer
Timer Array Unit 1:
4ch, 16-bit Timer
(only for 80-/100-pin)
Clock/Buzzer Output
(256Hz – 10MHz)
Calendar/
Alarm time (run
in HALT mode)
Real-Time Counter:
(Clock/Calendar
Functions)
Watch Dog Timer
10-bit ADC
10–16ch
Sensor
Program Gain Amp
(only 44- to 64-pin
Comparators
2ch (only 44- to 64-pin)
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© 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc.
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78K0R 16-bit core
20MHz (13DMIPS)
1.8V - 5.5V
-40 to +85C
Flash
16KB-128KB
RAM
1KB-8KB
Internal OSC
(1MHz +/-5%, 8MHz +/-1%,
20MHz +/-1%)
Int. WDT OSC: (30kHz)
Sub-Clock: (32.768kHz)
100 pin LQFP
80 pin LQFP
64 pin LQFP
52 pin LQFP
48 pin LQFP
44 pin LQFP
DMA Controller
2ch, 8/16-bit
Serial Array Unit
3-5ch
UART/SPI/I2C
2.4GHz radio
Multi-Master I2C
1ch
16x16 Multiplier
32/32 Divider
On chip Debug/
Programming
POC
(Power On Clear)
LVI
Low Voltage
Indicator
1.91V-4.22V
Key Interrupt
Power supply/
Battery
monitor/
management
Start the Lab
 Keep your dice turned to the section
of the lab you are on. (Instructions
are provided in the lab handout)
 Please refer to the Lab Handout and let’s get started!
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Checking Progress
 We are using the die to keep track of where everyone is in
the lab. Make sure to update it as you change sections.
 When done with the lab, your die will have the 6 pointing up
as shown here.
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Questions?
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Low Power Innovations
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Thank You
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Renesas Electronics America Inc.